How well do modelled routes to school record the environments children are exposed to?: a cross-sectional comparison of GIS-modelled and GPS-measured routes to school

Table 5 Results from multilevel linear regression models of differences in food outlet exposure between GIS and GPS routes

		Univariate
			95% CIs
		B	Lower	Upper
Straight-line distance (km)		0.04	−0.21	0.30
Journey type (ref to school)	From school	1.53	0.80	2.27	**
Sex (ref male)	Female	0.35	−1.37	2.08
Travel mode (ref car)	Bus	0.59	−1.65	2.84
	Bike	−1.66	−5.92	2.60
	Foot	−1.74	−4.07	0.59
Home location (ref urban)	Town & Fringe	−1.78	−4.13	0.58
Home location (ref urban)	Village etc.	0.55	−1.54	2.64
School location relative to school (ref no diff)	School less urban	1.21	−2.89	5.31
School location relative to school (ref no diff)	School more urban	1.58	−0.21	3.37
Variance partition coefficients		Variance		VPC^a
Level 1 (Route)		42.24		60.44%
Level 2 (Participant)		27.29		39.06%
Level 3 (School)		0.35		0.50%

ISSN: 1476-072X