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Table 8 Spatial accessibility to fruits and vegetables by area-level vehicle ownership, using measures of coverage*

From: Neighborhood deprivation, vehicle ownership, and potential spatial access to a variety of fruits and vegetables in a large rural area in Texas

  

Low Vehicle Ownership (n= 35)

Medium Vehicle Ownership (n= 32)

High Vehicle Ownership (n= 34)

SPATIAL ACCESSIBILITY

   Coverage - 3 mi

   Food stores

   
 

Supermarket

1.2 ± 1.1¶ (1; 0-3)

0.4 ± 0.9 (0; 0-3)

0.5 ± 0.9 (0; 0-3)

 

Traditional

1.6 ± 1.1¶ (2; 0-2)

0.5 ± 0.9 (0; 0-3)

0.6 ± 1.0 (0; 0-3)

   Fruits

 

Fresh fruits

1.7 ± 1.2¶ (2; 0-3)

0.4 ± 0.9 (0; 0-3)

0.6 ± 1.1 (0; 0-3)

 

Overall fruits

2.6 ± 1.8§ (3; 0-6)

0.8 ± 1.1 (0; 0-3)

0.8 ± 1.4 (0; 0-6)

   Vegetables

 

Fresh vegetable

1.3 ± 1.1§ (1; 0-3)

0.4 ± 0.9 (0; 0-3)

0.5 ± 0.9 (0; 0-3)

 

Overall vegetables

2.0 ± 1.4¶ (2.5; 0-4)

0.7 ± 1.0 (0; 0-3)

0.8 ± 1.2 (0; 0-4)

   Coverage - 5 mi

   Food stores

 

Supermarket

1.2 ± 1.1‡ (1; 0-3)

0.6 ± 1.0 (0; 0-3)

0.7 ± 1.1 (0; 0-3)

 

Traditional

1.7 ± 1.1¶ (2; 0-3)

0.9 ± 1.0 (1; 0-3)

0.9 ± 1.2 (0; 0-3)

   Fruits

 

Fresh fruits

1.8 ± 1.2§ (2; 0-3)

0.8 ± 1.1 (0; 0-3)

0.9 ± 1.3 (0; 0-3)

 

Overall fruits

2.7 ± 1.7§ (3; 0-6)

1.5 ± 1.4 (1; 0-6)

1.3 ± 1.9 (0; 0-6)

   Vegetables

 

Fresh vegetables

1.4 ± 1.1‡ (1; 0-3)

0.7 ± 1.1 (0; 0-3)

0.7 ± 1.1 ()0; 0-3)

 

Overall vegetables

2.3 ± 1.4¶ (3; 0-4)

1.3 ± 1.1 (1; 0-4)

1.3 ± 1.4 (1; 0-4)

   Coverage - 10 mi

   Food stores

 

Supermarket

1.5 ± 1.0 (2; 0-3)

1.2 ± 1.0 (1; 0-3)

1.5 ± 1.1 (1; 0-4)

 

Traditional

2.3 ± 1.0 (3; 0-4)

1.7 ± 1.0 (2; 0-4)

2.2 ± 1.3 (2; 0-5)

   Fruits

 

Fresh fruits

2.3 ± 1.3 (3; 0-4)

1.7 ± 1.1 (2; 0-3)

2.3 ± 1.3 (3; 0-4_

 

Overall fruits

3.6 ± 1.8 (3; 0-7)

3 ± 1.5 (3; 1-7)

3.6 ± 1.9 (3; 0-8)

   Vegetables

 

Fresh vegetables

1.6 ± 1.0 (2; 0-3)

1.3 ± 1.0 (1; 0-3)

1.6 ± 1.1 (2; 0-4)

 

Overall vegetables

3.4 ± 1.6 (4; 0-6)

2.8 ± 1.3 (3; 1-5)

3.4 ± 1.5 (3; 0-6)

  1. Area-level (CBG) vehicle ownership (% owner-occupied households): Low = <90.5%; medium = 90.5-95.4%; high = >95.4%. * Values calculated for each of the CBG (census block group) in the study area (n = 101). Coverage is determined by the number of food stores within a specific network-based distance. Numbers (coverage) and percentages (mean ± standard deviation, median, and range) by category of vehicle ownership
  2. Level of statistical significance for test for trend across ordered groups of area = -level vehicle ownership: ‡p < 0.05 §p < 0.01 ¶p < 0.001