Association between proximity to and coverage of traditional fast-food restaurants and non-traditional fast-food outlets and fast-food consumption among rural adults

Table 4 Association of personal characteristics and proximity to nearest traditional fast-food restaurant, non-traditional fast-food outlet, and all fast-food opportunities with frequency of weekly consumption of fast-food meals in 1,409 rural adults, using multiple variable regression

	Regression coefficient
*Personal characteristics*
Age, y	-0.018***	-0.018***	-0.018***
Household income¹
Poverty (≤100% FPL)	-0.264***	-0.258***	-0.262***
Low income (101%-199% FPL)	-0.150	-0.143	-0.146
BMI (kg/m²)²
Overweight (25-29.9)	0.144*	0.142*	0.142
Obese (≥30)	0.267***	0.275***	0.276***
Gender³
Women	-0.477***	-0.334**	-0.357**
*Spatial access to fast food*
Traditional fast-food restaurant	-0.045***
Non-traditional fast-food outlet		-0.044**
All fast-food opportunities			-0.048**
*Interaction (gender and spatial access)*
Traditional fast-food restaurant	0.047***
Non-traditional fast-food outlet		0.039*
Fast-food opportunity			0.048**
Intercept	2.72	2.60	2.60
R²of model	0.102	0.094	0.094

FPL = Federal Poverty Level
¹ Reference category for household income: Above low income (≥200% FPL)
² Referent category for BMI (body mass index): Normal (<25 kg/m²)
³ Referent category for gender: men
Level of statistical significance at level of * p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01, *** p < 0.001