Association between proximity to and coverage of traditional fast-food restaurants and non-traditional fast-food outlets and fast-food consumption among rural adults

Table 5 Association of personal characteristics and one-mile coverage of fast-food restaurant, non-traditional fast-food outlet, and all fast-food opportunities with frequency of weekly consumption of fast-food meals in 1,409 rural adults, using multiple variable regression

	Regression coefficient
	Model 1	Model 2	Model 3
*Personal characteristics*
Age, y	-0.019***	-0.019***	-0.019***
Household income¹
Poverty (≤100% FPL)	-0.266***	-0.261***	-0.262***
Low income (101% to 199% FPL)	-0.153	-0.153	-0.153
BMI (kg/m²)²
Overweight (25-29.9)	0.146*	0.142	0.145*
Obese (≥30)	0.274***	0.270***	0.272***
Gender³
Women	-0.080	-0.087	-0.072
*One-mile coverage of fast food*
Traditional fast-food restaurant	0.057**
Non-traditional fast-food outlet		0.059**
All fast-food opportunities			0.031**
*Interaction (gender and one-mile coverage)*
Traditional fast-food restaurant	-0.065**
Non-traditional fast-food outlet		-0.056*
Fast-food opportunity			-0.033**
Intercept	2.35	2.34	2.33
R²of model	0.095	0.094	0.095

FPL = Federal Poverty Level
¹ Reference category for household income: Above low income (≥200% FPL)
² Referent category for BMI (body mass index): Normal (<25 kg/m²)
³ Referent category for gender: men
Level of statistical significance at level of * p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01, *** p < 0.001