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Table 3 Bivariate Moran's I

From: The modifiable areal unit problem (MAUP) in the relationship between exposure to NO2 and respiratory health

 

Natural Neighbourhood (n = 95)

Aggregated (n = 95)

Census Tract (n = 184)

Variable

Mean NO2

Resp health

Mean NO2

Resp health

Mean NO2

Resp health

% Occupied private dwellings in need of major repair

0.3971 (0.001)

0.1329 (0.001)

0.4776 (0.001)

0.1798 (0.001)

0.4515 (0.001)

0.0899 (0.001)

% Occupied private dwellings built before 1946

0.3235 (0.001)

0.1045 (0.001)

0.4180 (0.001)

0.0636 (0.001)

0.3939 (0.001)

0.0001 (0.999)

Unemployment rate of the total population 15 years and over

0.3741 (0.001)

0.1799 (0.001)

0.3982 (0.001)

0.1446 (0.001)

0.3266 (0.001)

0.0363 (0.087)

Educational attainment - no certificate, diploma or degree

0.1518 (0.001)

0.0589(0.001)

0.2843 (0.001)

0.1609 (0.001)

0.2420 (0.001)

0.0663 (0.001)

Median income (2005)

-0.4019 (0.001)

-0.1598 (0.001)

-0.3765 (0.001)

-0.1111 (0.001)

-0.3031 (0.001)

-0.0583 (0.001)

Average income (2005)

-0.1739 (0.001)

-0.0598 (0.001)

-0.2272 (0.001)

-0.0435 (0.001)

-0.1613 (0.001)

-0.2200 (0.509)

% low income

0.5027 (0.001)

0.1685 (0.001)

0.4933 (0.001)

0.1215 (0.001)

0.4158 (0.001)

0.0302 (0.512)

Mean nitrogen dioxide concentration

1 ()

0.1905 (0.001)

1 ()

0.0656 (0.001)

1 ()

0.0365 (0.085)

Respiratory health outcome rate

0.0794 (0.001)

1 ()

0.1056 (0.001)

1 ()

0.1517 (0.001)

1 ()

% Lone-parent families

0.3353 (0.001)

0.1486 (0.001)

0.4181 (0.001)

0.1716 (0.001)

0.3481 (0.001)

0.0454 (0.700)

% Owned dwellings

-0.5492 (0.001)

-0.2271 (0.001)

-0.6191 (0.001)

-0.1823 (0.001)

-0.5872 (0.001)

-0.0946 (0.001)

% Rented dwellings

0.5507 (0.001)

0.2278 (0.001)

0.6188 (0.001)

0.1824 (0.001)

0.6008 (0.001)

0.0877 (0.001)

% Occupied private dwellings of type single house

-0.4173 (0.001)

-0.2118 (0.001)

-0.4982 (0.001)

-0.2071 (0.001)

-0.4592 (0.001)

-0.0779 (0.001)

% Occupied private dwellings of type row house

-0.2593 (0.001)

-0.0785 (0.001)

-0.2433 (0.001)

-0.0119 (0.999)

-0.2354 (0.001)

-0.0244 (0.087)

% Occupied private dwellings of type apartment (building that has 5 or more stories)

0.4756 (0.001)

0.2116 (0.001)

0.5433 (0.001)

0.1441 (0.001)

0.4728 (0.001)

0.0469 (0.110)

% Did not lived at the same address one year ago

0.4212 (0.001)

0.1737 (0.001)

0.4830 (0.001)

0.1223 (0.001)

0.4114 (0.001)

0.0599 (0.001)

% Did not lived at the same address five years ago

0.2344 (0.001)

0.1044 (0.001)

0.2876 (0.001)

0.0889 (0.001)

0.2155 (0.001)

0.0257 (0.484)

% Walk - mode of transportation to work

0.4795 (0.001)

0.1590 (0.001)

0.5175 (0.001)

0.0858 (0.001)

0.5531 (0.001)

0.0390 (0.117)

% Bicycle - mode of transportation to work

0.4458 (0.001)

0.1576 (0.001)

0.4949 (0.001)

0.1683 (0.001)

0.4553 (0.001)

0.0263 (0.001)

Average value of owned dwelling

0.1167 (0.001)

0.0292 (0.606)

0.0641 (0.001)

-0.0287 (0.098)

0.0509 (0.001)

-0.0360 (0.096)

Participation rate of the total population 15 years and over

-0.3280 (0.001)

-0.1754 (0.001)

-0.3140 (0.001)

-0.1791 (0.001)

-0.1788 (0.001)

-0.1788 (0.001)

% Management occupations

-0.1845 (0.001)

-0.0967 (0.001)

-0.2724 (0.001)

-0.1577 (0.001)

-0.2309 (0.001)

-0.0597 (0.001)

% Retail trade industry

-0.2428 (0.001)

-0.0993 (0.001)

-0.1929 (0.001)

0.0377 (0.0440)

-0.1629 (0.001)

-0.0084 (0.999)

  1. Bivariate Moran's I values 1) between the explanatory variables and the Mean NO 2 concentration; and 2) between the explanatory variables and the Respiratory health outcome rate. p-values are in parentheses.