Table 1 Descriptive statistics of study variables

Total age-adjusted mortality rate per 100,000 for non-

cancer causes

658.3

112.2

Age-adjusted all-cancer mortality rate per 100,000

197.6

29.4

Age-adjusted kidney disease mortality rate per 100,000

17.6

7.3

Independent Variables

Log of non-weighted, onsite non-carcinogenic discharges

2.59

2.82

Log of non-weighted, onsite carcinogenic discharges

0.22

0.89

Log of toxicity-weighted, onsite non-carcinogenic

discharges

5.69

4.82

Log of toxicity-weighted, onsite carcinogenic discharges

2.36

5.15

Log of toxicity-weighted, local and upstream non-

carcinogenic discharges

1.29

1.90

Log of toxicity-weighted, local and upstream carcinogenic

discharges

1.58

2.80

Covariates

Percent adults aged 25+ with college or more education

16.5

7.8

Adult smoking rate

21.8

4.3

Adult obesity rate

28.9

3.7

Primary care physicians per 1,000 population

0.4

0.3

Poverty rate

15.1

6.2

Percent African American

8.9

14.6

Percent Native American

1.6

6.4

Percent Hispanic

6.2

12.0

Percent Asian American

0.8

1.6

Percent other non-White race

2.6

4.8

Percent White

84.7

16.1

Percent metropolitan county

35.2

47.8

Percent non-metropolitan, adjacent county

46.7

49.9

Percent non-metropolitan, non-adjacent

18.1

38.5