Permitted water pollution discharges and population cancer and non-cancer mortality: toxicity weights and upstream discharge effects in US rural-urban areas

Table 2 Multiple regression coefficients, standard errors (SE), and p-values, age-adjusted mortality rates and four discharge specifications

	Set 1: Log of onsite discharges not toxicity weighted		Set 2: Log of onsite discharges toxicity weighted		Set 3: Log of area weighted upstream discharges, toxicity weighted		Set 4: Log of area weighted upstream discharges, toxicity weighted, cross-validation
	Coeff. (SE)	P <	Coeff. (SE)	P <	Coeff. (SE)	P <	Coeff. (SE)	P <
All-Cancer mortality	0.74 (.52)	0.16	0.20 (.09)	0.03	0.35 (.16)	0.03	0.98 (.24)	0.0001
Kidney disease mortality	-.02 (.05)	0.63	-.02 (.03)	0.40	0.25 (.06)	0.0001	0.11 (.04)	0.01
Total non-cancer mortality	2.94 (.48)	0.0001	1.82 (.28)	0.0001	2.30 (.69)	0.0009	0.32 (.46)	0.49

Models control for college education rates, smoking rates, adult obesity rates, supply of primary care physicians, poverty rate, percent African American, percent Native American, percent non-white Hispanic, percent Asian American, percent other non-white race (percent white serving as the referent), metropolitan county, and non-metropolitan adjacent county (non-metropolitan and non-adjacent county serving as the referent.) Model F values for all models were significant at p < .0001

ISSN: 1476-072X