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Table 2 Nigerian-NEWS: answer frequencies, mean scores, and test-retest reliability scores (N = 386)

From: Evaluation of the neighborhood environment walkability scale in Nigeria

 

Answer frequencies and mean score of each item on first assessment (%)

Test-retest reliability scores

 

Types of residences

   

Item/scale

None

A few

Some

Most

All

Mean (SD)

Agreement%

ICC

1. Residential density

       

0.66

  a. detached houses

17.6

25.1

13.7

28.0

15.5

2.9 (1.3)

87.3

0.93

  b. 1–3 floor town houses with private kitchen

44.3

40.2

10.9

4.7

0.0

1.8 (0.8)

92.1

0.95

  c. 1–3 floor apartments with shared kitchen

29.6

14.3

14.0

37.1

4.9

2.7 (1.3)

84.9

0.90

  d. 4–6 floor apartments

46.2

27.5

9.1

15.8

1.3

2.0 (1.1)

74.9

0.56

  e. 7–12 floor apartments

61.8

10.6

21.0

6.5

0.0

1.7 (1.0)

77.6

0.52

  f. >13 floor compounds

40.0

49.1

10.4

0.5

0.0

1.7 (0.6)

82.7

0.75

 

1-5 min

6-10 min

11-20 min

21-30 min

>30 min

   

2. Distance to facilities (Land Use Mix Diversity)

       

0.87

  a. grocery shop

38.3

29.0

15.0

10.9

6.7

2.2 (1.2)

69.0

0.86

  b. supermarket

2.8

4.1

11.4

26.9

54.7

4.3 (1.0)

66.2

0.46

  c. electronic shop

4.9

11.9

22.6

29.9

30.6

3.7 (1.2)

60.0

0.74

  d. building materials shop*

3.1

8.9

25.7

28.3

34.0

3.8 (1.1)

66.2

0.66

  e. food market

13.5

44.0

19.2

11.9

11.4

2.6(1.2)

73.3

0.74

  f. laundry/dry cleaners

14.5

31.6

22.8

13.7

17.4

2.9(1.3)

62.8

0.73

  g. clothing store

19.9

33.2

21.5

8.8

16.6

2.7 (1.3)

65.5

0.67

  h. post office

0.5

1.6

1.8

11.4

84.7

4.8 (0.6)

85.6

0.40

  i. library

0.3

0.0

2.1

10.6

87.0

4.8 (0.4)

84.4

0.48

  j. elementary school

20.3

41.3

21.0

12.7

4.7

2.4 (1.1)

55.1

0.67

  k. other schools

10.1

47.9

21.5

14.5

6.0

2.6 (1.0)

60.0

0.68

  l. book store

0.8

2.3

7.0

22.8

67.1

4.5 (0.8)

75.1

0.29

  m. fast food restaurant

1.3

2.8

3.4

18.1

74.4

4.6 (0.8)

81.2

0.47

  n. ATM/bank

2.1

7.5

10.1

21.6

58.7

4.3 (1.1)

61.1

0.66

  o. non fast food restaurant

6.8

13.3

36.8

26.1

17.0

3.3 (1.1)

55.1

0.63

  p. food canteen*

19.5

25.5

19.5

16.4

19.0

2.9 (1.4)

70.0

0.77

  q. video store

18.9

24.9

30.6

14.8

19.9

2.7 (1.2)

56.1

0.54

  r. pharmacy

26.8

42.3

22.1

5.5

3.4

2.2 (0.9)

71.6

0.78

  s. saloon/barber shop

21.0

42.1

16.6

9.9

10.4

2.5 (1.2)

71.1

0.78

  t. work place

7.1

6.1

10.3

15.9

60.6

4.2 (1.3)

73.4

0.60

  u. bus stop/train stop

22.8

30.6

21.0

18.7

7.0

2.6 (1.2)

72.3

0.67

  v. taxi/motor bike*

29.3

37.6

20.7

10.6

1.8

2.2 (1.0)

71.8

0.65

  w. park

2.1

5.2

13.5

24.4

54.9

4.3 (1.0)

82.8

0.37

  x. open field/school field*

13.0

50.4

15.1

13.2

8.3

2.5 (1.1)

58.4

0.65

  y. recreation center/sport center

1.3

1.8

4.1

7.0

85.8

4.7 (0.7)

82.8

0.15

  z. gym/fitness

1.6

2.6

2.8

7.5

85.5

4.7 (0.8)

86.7

0.49

aa. health care clinic*

7.0

24.6

36.5

18.1

13.7

3.1 (1.1)

61.6

0.65

  ab. tap/well water*

67.9

17.4

6.7

5.7

2.3

1.6 (1.0)

77.8

0.68

 

Strongly disagree

Somewhat disagree

Somewhat agree

Strongly agree

    

3. Land use mix access

       

0.76

  a. possible to do shopping at local stores

11.2

14.8

34.9

39.1

 

3.0 (0.9)

66.1

0.55

  b. shops within easy walking distance

14.2

10.9

40.7

34.2

 

2.9 (1.0)

74.4

0.67

  c. many places in walking distance

17.1

23.1

36.3

23.6

 

2.7 (1.0)

65.6

0.53

  d. easy to walk to transit stop

5.7

18.7

37.6

38.1

 

3.1 (0.9)

71.2

0.74

  e. bad roads/poor drainages*

26.2

24.2

18.7

30.9

 

2.5 (1.2)

66.7

0.80

4. Street connectivity

       

0.72

  a. distance between intersections is short

21.0

13.8

35.8

29.4

 

2.7 (1.1)

73.4

0.72

  b. many four-way intersections

26.4

23.1

29.8

20.7

 

2.5 (1.1)

72.2

0.77

  c. many alternative routes

9.6

17.1

29.0

44.3

 

3.1 (0.9)

67.2

0.55

5. Infrastructure and safety for walking/cycling

       

0.59

  a. sidewalks on most streets

46.9

25.9

20.2

7.0

 

1.9 (0.9)

84.5

0.80

  b. sidewalks well maintained

63.5

28.8

4.4

3.3

 

1.5 (0.7)

85.0

0.74

  c. bicycle/pedestrian trails nearby

61.8

26.0

7.3

4.9

 

1.6 (0.8)

86.6

0.37

  d. sidewalks separated by parked cars

39.8

28.1

21.1

10.9

 

2.0 (1.0)

80.5

0.53

  e. sidewalks separated by grass/dirt strip

32.4

24.6

29.3

13.7

 

2.2 (1.1)

81.1

0.68

  f. safe to ride a bicycle

17.4

18.4

47.3

16.9

 

2.6 (0.9)

62.8

0.47

  g. streets well lit at night

42.6

19.0

25.7

12.7

 

2.1 (1.1)

72.7

0.72

  h. walkers and cyclists easily seen by people in homes

53.9

20.3

13.3

12.5

 

1.8 (1.1)

73.5

0.87

  i. crosswalks and pedestrian signals available

82.1

12.7

3.4

1.8

 

1.3 (0.6)

91.7

0.05

  j. crosswalks are safe

80.8

14.8

3.9

0.5

 

1.2 (0.5)

89.4

0.01

  k. facilities for bicycle use (lanes etc.) available*

62.0

25.5

6.5

6.0

 

1.6 (0.9)

89.4

0.52

  l. walk path on most streets*

6.5

21.0

42.5

30.1

 

2.9 (0.9)

76.1

0.76

  m. walk path not obstructed*

7.5

38.4

30.9

23.1

 

2.7 (0.9)

68.3

0.53

  n. walk path separated from road*

20.0

24.2

35.8

20.0

 

2.6 (1.0)

73.3

0.70

  o. curb cut ramps from sidewalk to road*

46.4

13.7

29.0

10.8

 

2.0 (1.1)

88.8

0.20

  p. have to cross crowded streets to get to places*

53.8

36.4

8.3

1.6

 

1.6 (0.7)

74.9

0.68

  q. islands for pedestrians in middle of major roads *

65.1

18.0

12.2

4.7

 

1.6 (0.9)

84.4

0.85

  r. pedestrian signals give enough time to cross street*

83.4

11.2

3.1

2.3

 

1.2 (0.6)

96.1

0.02

6. Aesthetics

       

0.91

  a. presence of trees

28.0

20.2

23.8

28.0

 

2.5 (1.2)

75.0

0.85

  b. trees give shade

35.0

19.2

27.7

18.1

 

2.3 (1.1)

74.5

0.83

  c. many interesting things to look at

35.0

17.4

25.4

22.3

 

2.4 (1.2)

71.8

0.81

  d. neighborhood is free from litter

29.1

21.0

21.0

28.8

 

2.5 (1.2)

74.6

0.85

  e. attractive natural sights

51.7

26.2

12.5

9.6

 

1.8 (0.9)

71.1

0.31

  f. attractive buildings

22.0

23.3

23.1

31.6

 

2.6(1.1)

62.8

0.50

7. Traffic safety

       

0.65

  a. much traffic on street I live

52.0

31.9

11.2

5.0

 

1.7 (0.9)

82.0

0.74

  b. much traffic on nearby streets

39.8

34.1

19.3

6.3

 

1.9 (0.9)

73.0

0.75

  c. speed of traffic on street I live is slow

13.3

21.6

29.7

35.4

 

2.9 (1.0)

78.0

0.80

  d. speed of traffic on nearby streets is slow

26.0

33.6

22.1

18.2

 

2.3 (1.1)

70.8

0.76

  e. drivers exceed speed limits

28.4

28.4

28.1

15.1

 

2.3 (1.1)

66.8

0.60

  f. a lot of exhaust fumes

40.9

27.1

18.0

14.1

 

2.1 (1.1)

71.5

0.41

  g. cars going across sidewalks make it difficult to walk*

36.5

34.9

19.3

9.4

 

2.0 (0.9)

74.8

0.68

8. Safety from crime

       

0.66

  a. high crime rate

46.5

23.6

18.2

11.7

 

2.0 (1.1)

82.1

0.82

  b. unsafe to walk during day

55.6

38.2

4.7

1.6

 

1.5 (0.7)

85.0

0.61

  c. unsafe to walk at night

33.0

24.9

20.0

22.1

 

2.3 (1.1)

69.9

0.68

  d. presence of gangs induces unsafe feeling*

43.6

24.7

16.4

15.3

 

2.0 (1.1)

76.6

0.70

9. Single items

        

  a. parking near local shops is difficult

25.2

27.5

35.3

11.9

 

2.3 (0.9)

58.9

0.53

  b. streets are hilly

56.0

26.2

10.1

7.8

 

1.7 (0.9)

91.2

0.48

  c. streets do not have many cul-de-sacs

20.7

27.5

21.8

30.1

 

2.6 (1.1)

70.6

0.66

  d. many canyons/hillsides in neighborhood

56.0

22.3

12.4

9.3

 

1.8 (0.9)

91.6

0.53

  e. see and speak to other people while walking in neighborhood

19.7

16.1

34.3

29.9

 

2.7 (1.1)

64.3

0.81

  f. many unattended domestic animals*

30.6

15.3

16.4

37.7

 

2.6 (1.3)

78.0

0.86

  1. ICC = intra class coefficient.
  2. * Specific African items added to NEWS.
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International Journal of Health Geographics

ISSN: 1476-072X