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Table 3 Crude and adjusted prevalence odds ratios for albuminuria and reduced kidney function and hazard ratios for incident ESRD, by race and southeastern residence duration categories

From: Association of duration of residence in the southeastern United States with chronic kidney disease may differ by race: the REasons for Geographic and Racial Differences in Stroke (REGARDS) cohort study

Model

Lifetime southeastern exposure

P a

 

White

Black

 
 

None

<Half

≥Half

All

None

<Half

≥Half

All

 

Prevalence odds ratios (95% CI) for albuminuria

Unadjusted

Ref.

0.86 (0.74-1.01)

0.99 (0.87-1.13)

1.08 (0.96-1.22)

Ref.

0.92 (0.80-1.05)

0.77 (0.65-0.91)

1.02 (0.90-1.16)

0.054

Adjustedb

         

+ demographics

Ref.

0.87 (0.75-1.02)

1.04 (0.91-1.18)

1.16 (1.02-1.31)

Ref.

0.87 (0.76-1.00)

0.80 (0.68-0.95)

1.08 (0.95-1.22)

<0.001

+ SES

Ref.

0.89 (0.76-1.04)

1.02 (0.89-1.17)

1.08 (0.96-1.23)

Ref.

0.84 (0.73-0.97)

0.78 (0.66-0.92)

0.99 (0.86-1.13)

0.178

+ clinical

Ref.

0.86 (0.73-1.01)

0.94 (0.82-1.08)

1.00 (0.88-1.14)

Ref.

0.86 (0.74-1.00)

0.74 (0.62-0.89)

0.92 (0.80-1.05)

0.265

Prevalence odds ratios (95% CI) for reduced kidney function

Unadjusted

Ref.

0.82 (0.70-0.97)

0.92 (0.80-1.05)

1.03 (0.91-1.17)

Ref.

1.07 (0.90-1.26)

0.82 (0.67-1.01)

1.05 (0.90-1.23)

0.051

Adjustedb

         

+ demographics

Ref.

0.97 (0.81-1.15)

0.98 (0.80-1.22)

1.19 (1.03-1.40)

Ref.

0.89 (0.75-1.05)

1.00 (0.87-1.16)

1.13 (0.99-1.30)

0.843

+ SES

Ref.

0.94 (0.79-1.13)

0.96 (0.77-1.18)

1.11 (0.94-1.31)

Ref.

0.91 (0.76-1.08)

0.99 (0.86-1.05)

1.08 (0.94-1.23)

0.937

+ clinical

Ref.

0.96 (0.81-1.15)

0.92 (0.74-1.14)

1.06 (0.80-1.26)

Ref.

0.88 (0.74-1.35)

0.93 (0.80-1.08)

1.00 (0.87-1.15)

0.878

Hazard ratios (95% CI) for incident end-stage renal disease

Unadjusted

Ref.

0.51 (0.19-1.34)

0.91 (0.45-1.84)

0.53 (0.24-1.18)

Ref.

1.16 (0.70-1.93)

1.11 (0.60-1.06)

1.73(1.10-2.74)

0.014

Adjustedb

         

+ demographics

Ref.

0.52 (0.20-1.36)

0.94 (0.47-1.89)

0.55 (0.25-1.24)

Ref.

1.16 (0.69-1.93)

1.11 (0.60-2.07)

1.74(1.10-2.75)

0.013

+ SES

Ref.

0.54 (0.21-1.44)

0.93 (0.46-1.88)

0.51 (0.23-1.14)

Ref.

1.17 (0.70-1.96)

1.09 (0.59-2.04)

1.66 (1.04-2.66)

0.013

+ clinical

Ref.

0.51 (0.19-1.36)

0.91 (0.45-1.84)

0.50 (0.22-1.14)

Ref.

1.23 (0.74-2.06)

1.02 (0.54-1.93)

1.63 (1.02-2.61)

0.011

  1. Southeastern U.S. states included: North Carolina, South Carolina, Georgia, Alabama, Mississippi, Tennessee, Arkansas, and Louisiana; other included the 40 other contiguous U.S. states (excluding Alaska and Hawaii).
  2. aP for interaction by Wald χ2 test between race and overall percentage of lifetime lived in the southeastern United States.
  3. bDemographics: age, gender, race (overall models only); SES: education, income clinical; diabetes, hypertension (by self-reported medications or glucose/BP).
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International Journal of Health Geographics

ISSN: 1476-072X