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Table 1 Relationships between hospitalizations and some of the explanatory indicators for COPD and overall hospitalizations

From: Gaining a better understanding of respiratory health inequalities among cities: An ecological case study on elderly males in the larger French cities

 

Type of indicator

COPD hospitalizations

Overall hospitalizations

  

Signi-ficance level

Type of relationship

Signi-ficance level

Type of relationship

Socio-economic indicators

Urban unit scale:

n.s

no significant relation

n.s

no significant relation

Size (number of inhabitants)

Urban unit scale :

0.001

Linear: privileged cities have lower hospitalization rates

n.s

no significant relation

Socioeconomic (% unemployment,% of individuals with no diploma, bachelor diploma,% of non taxable households, etc.)

Positive with unemployment, non taxable households (0.3<r<0.5)

Negative with bachelor diploma (r=−0.5)

Intra-urban scale

0.001

Linear positive: cities with concentration of privileged populations have higher hospitalization rates (0.3<r<0.44)

0.001

Linear positive: cities with concentration of privileged populations have higher rates (0.28<r<0.40)

Residential intra-urban organization indicators (CV, Gini, Moran of unemployment,% of individuals with no diploma, bachelor diploma,% of non taxable households, etc.)

Linear negative: cities with concentration of deprived populations have lower rates (−0.3<r<−0.48)

Linear negative: cities with concentration of deprived populations have lower rates (r=−0.43)

Regional scale

0.001

Linear positive: cities in deprived regions have higher hospitalization rates (0.33<r<0.47)

n.s

no significant relation

Socioeconomic (% unemployment, etc.)

Urban unit scale

n.s

no significant relation

n.s

no significant relation

Access to health amenities

Physical indicators

Urban unit scale :

0.05

Linear negative with the daily mean temperature in January (r=−0.28)

0.05

no significant relation

Climate parameters (temperature, humidity)

Linear positive with the mean annual minimal relative humidity (r=0.34) No significant relation with other climate indicators

Regional scale

n.s

no significant relation

0.007

Higher hospitalization rates in semi-continental climate ; lower rates in mountain climate

Climate zones

Urban unit scale:

0.05

Globally lower hospitalization rates for less polluted locations

n.s

no significant relation

Air pollution (ambient levels of PM 10 , NO 2 )

Linear positive for PM10 (0.28<r<0.30 )

Non linear positive for NO2

Intra-urban scale:

n.s

no significant relation

n.s

no significant relation

Air pollution (intra-urban variations of PM 10 , NO 2 )

Urban unit scale

n.s

no significant relation

n.s

no significant relation

 

Pollen index

    
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International Journal of Health Geographics

ISSN: 1476-072X