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Table 3 Regression coefficients (+ 95% confidence intervals) for the relationship between PM 10 concentration and cause- and sex-specific age-adjusted mortality rate

From: Particulate air pollution and health inequalities: a Europe-wide ecological analysis

Cause of death

Western Europe

 

Eastern Europe

 

Male

Female

Male

Female

All cause

0.74 (−0.28 to 1.77)

−0.30 (−0.78 to 0.18)

1.33 (−1.86 to 4.53)

1.74 (0.39 to 3.08)*

Circulatory disease

−0.16 (−0.51 to 0.19)

0.06 (−0.08 to 0.20)

2.67 (1.44 to 3.90)***

1.38 (0.80 to 1.96)***

Respiratory disease

0.15 (0.06 to 0.24)**

−0.01 (−0.08 to 0.05)

0.42 (0.17 to 0.67)**

0.19 (0.07 to 0.32)**

Chronic liver disease

0.08 (−0.10 to 0.25)

0.00 (−0.07 to 0.07)

0.68 (−0.04 to 1.40)

0.24 (−0.01 to 0.49)

  1. Models were adjusted for regional-level household income and country-level smoking rate and run separately for Eastern and Western Europe. PM10 concentration = 2004 population-weighted annual average (μg.m-3). Mortality rates = 3-year average 2004–2006 (deaths per 100,000).
  2. Abbreviations: PM 10 , Particulate matter with an aerodynamic diameter ≤ 10 μm.
  3. * 0.01 ≤ p < 0.05; ** 0.001 ≤ p < 0.01; *** p < 0.001.