Older adults’ transportation walking: a cross-sectional study on the cumulative influence of physical environmental factors

Van Cauwenberg, Jelle; Clarys, Peter; De Bourdeaudhuij, Ilse; Van Holle, Veerle; Verté, Dominique; De Witte, Nico; De Donder, Liesbeth; Buffel, Tine; Dury, Sarah; Deforche, Benedicte

doi:10.1186/1476-072X-12-37

International Journal of Health Geographics

Table 3 Model explaining daily walking for transportation including the environmental index, distance to destinations and their interaction terms

From: Older adults’ transportation walking: a cross-sectional study on the cumulative influence of physical environmental factors

	β	S.E.	95% C.I.
Constant	−0.632	0.157	(-0.941, -0.325)*
Age (GM)	0.004	0.002	(-0.001, 0.009)
Gender (ref. = female)	0.222	0.027	(0.169, 0.275)*
Marital status (ref. = widowed)
Married / Cohabiting	0.306	0.059	(0.190, 0.421)*
Living alone / divorced	−0.103	0.035	(-0.173, -0.034)*
Functional limitations	−0.151	0.006	(-0.162, -0.139)*
Educational level (ref.= primary education)
Lower secondary education	0.067	0.032	(0.003, 0.130)*
Higher secondary education	0.055	0.038	(-0.021, 0.130)
Tertiary education	0.085	0.047	(-0.006, 0.177)
Income (ref. = 500 - 999 euro)
1000 - 1499 euro	0.115	0.036	(0.045, 0.185)*
1500 - 1999 euro	0.128	0.043	(0.045, 0.211)*
≥ 2000 euro	0.012	0.048	(-0.082, 0.108)
Area of residence (ref. = rural)
Semi-urban	0.047	0.060	(-0.072, 0.164)
Urban	0.306	0.062	(0.186, 0.427)*
Environmental index
Environmental index	−0.046	0.078	(-0.199, 0.107)
Environmental index²	0.001	0.010	(-0.019, 0.020)
Distance to destinations (ref.= large distance)
Medium distance	−0.376	0.225	(-0.822, 0.065)
Short distance	0.626	0.202	(0.230, 1.021)*
Interaction terms
Environmental index * medium distance	0.282	0.113	(0.062, 0.505)*
Environmental index² * medium distance	−0.029	0.013	(-0.055, -0.002)*
Environmental index * short distance	−0.103	0.099	(-0.297, 0.093)
Environmental index² * short distance	0.020	0.012	(-0.003, 0.043)
Variances	Var/covar	S.E.	95% C.I.
Level: municipality
Constant/constant	0.062	0.013	(0.040, 0.091)*
Short distance/constant	−0.013	0.011	(-0.038, 0.007)
Short distance/short distance	0.039	0.015	(0.015, 0.075)*
*−2loglikelihood:**
DIC:	34838.265
pD:	157.533

S.E. Standard Error, C.I. (Bayesian) Confidence Interval, GM centered around its grand mean, DIC Deviance Information Criterium; pD= estimated degrees of freedom consumed in fitting the model. * p< 0.05.

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ISSN: 1476-072X

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