From: Neighborhood differences in social capital in Ghent (Belgium): a multilevel approach
 | Model 0 | Model 1a | Model 1b | Model 2a | Model 2b |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
 | β (SE) | β (SE) | β (SE) | β (SE) | β (SE) |
Fixed effects | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
Constant | 11.691 (0.169)*** | 12.465 (0.207)*** | 12.317 (0.160)*** | 12.382 (0.190)*** | 12.193 (0.117)*** |
Level 1 | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
Female |  | −0.069 (0.191) |  | −0.064 (0.190) |  |
65 years or older |  | −0.183 (0.246) |  | −0.197 (0.244) |  |
Low education level |  | −0.102 (0.273) |  | −0.052 (0.266) |  |
Single |  | −0.462 (0.221)* | −0.464 (0.217)* | −0.350 (0.219) |  |
Not Belgian | Â | 0.153 (0.312) | Â | 0.336 (0.313) | Â |
Weak neighborhood attachment |  | −1.816 (0.224)*** | −1.839 (0.220)*** | −1.769 (0.219)*** | −1.787 (0.216)*** |
<5 years of residence |  | −0.276 (0.224) |  | −0.149 (0.223) |  |
Level 2 | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
Deprived neighborhood |  |  |  | −0.115 (0.288) |  |
Percentage of elderly |  |  |  | −0.175 (0.107) |  |
Turnover |  |  |  | −0.567 (0.133)** | −0.618 (0.102)*** |
Physical disorder |  |  |  | −0.194 (0.134) |  |
Random effects | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
Level 1 | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
Constant | 7.163 (0.378)*** | 6.707 (0.355)*** | 6.688 (0.353)*** | 6.677 (0.344)*** | 6.719 (0.354)*** |
Level 2 | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
Constant | 0.794 (0.261)** | 0.381 (0.166)* | 0.410 (0.172)* | 0.000 (0.000) | 0.055 (0.095) |
Intraclass correlation | 0.100 | 0.054 | 0.058 | 0.000 | 0.008 |
Log likelihood | 3708,957 | 3608,963 | 3632,345 | 3576,124 | 3615,077 |
∆ Log likelihood (∆ df) |  | 99,994 | 76,612 | 132,833 | 93,880 |
P | Â | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 |