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Table 3 Impedance measures from compound and village to closest facility using six methods

From: Methods to measure potential spatial access to delivery care in low- and middle-income countries: a case study in rural Ghana

 

Compound as origin, n = 47, 537

Village as origin, n = 433

Distance to closest health facility

Mean (SD)

Median (IQR)

Range

Mean (SD)

Median (IQR)

Range

Euclidean (km)

3.01 (4.47)

0.91 (0.49-4.16)

0.0038 - 23.88

6.19 (4.59)

5.74 (2.18-9.12)

0.026 - 23.44

Network distance(km)

3.91 (5.33)

1.47 (0.85-4.99)

0.018 - 35.33

8.15 (6.53)

7.31 (2.86-11.78)

0.036 - 40.99

Mechanized network time (hr)

0.26 (0.17)

0.22 (0.12-0.35)

0.0055 - 1.11

0.26 (0.18)

0.23 (0.12-0.35)

0.008 - 1.00

Non-mechanized network time (hr)

1.08 (1.32)

0.50 (0.29-1.31)

0.0085 - 8.90

2.09 (1.63)

1.89 (0.77-3.00)

0.013 - 10.26

Mechanized raster time (hr)

0.31 (0.27)

0.25 (0.14-0.40)

0 - 2.78

0.27 (0.27)

0.23 (0.13-0.32)

0 - 2.40

Non-mechanized raster time (hr)

1.20 (1.40)

0.67 (0.31-1.50)

0 - 9.16

2.18 (1.64)

1.97 (0.88-3.06)

0 - 9.81

Distance to CEmOC

Mean (SD)

Median (IQR)

Range

Mean (SD)

Median (IQR)

Range

Euclidean (km)

12.53 (14.1)

 9.64 (1.49-17.18)

0.028 - 84.27

17.36 (13.45)

14.73 (8.57-23.31)

0.15 - 84.00

Network distance (km)

15.08 (16.14)

11.25 (2.32-21.76)

0.041 - 90.63

22.18 (17.11)

19.38 (10.86-28.66)

0.53 - 90.27

Mechanized network time (hr)

 0.42 (0.25)

 0.39 (0.23-0.57)

0.0055 - 1.40

 0.50 (0.27)

 0.45 (0.29-0.66)

0.016 - 1.35

Non-mechanized network time (hr)

 3.87 (4.02)

 2.95 (0.72-5.50)

0.017 - 22.76

 5.61 (4.26)

 4.93 (2.74-7.20)

0.13 - 22.59

Mechanized raster time (hr)

 0.49 (0.35)

 0.44 (0.23-0.68)

0 - 2.89

 0.52 (0.34)

 0.46 (0.27-0.68)

0.009 - 2.40

Non-mechanized raster time (hr)

 4.05 (1.14)

 3.18 (0.90-5.75)

0 - 23.79

 5.78 (4.37)

 5.01 (2.76-7.45)

0.10 - 23.26

  1. Note: n = 47,537 compounds in 173 villages for compound calculations, n = 433 villages for village calculations, compound and village statistics should not be compared due to different sample sizes. n = 64 delivery facilities; n = 8 CEmOC facilities.