How do changes to the built environment influence walking behaviors? a longitudinal study within a university campus in Hong Kong

Table 3 Changes to the built environment and to walking behaviors (N = 146)

	Baseline survey		Follow-up survey		Change^a		p-value^b
	Mean	SD	Mean	SD	Mean	SD	p-value^b
Measures of walking behavior
Walking distance (meters)	3206.25	1176.51	3290.11	2019.95	83.86	2011.93	0.03
Walking ratio	0.89	0.55	0.9	0.92	0.01	0.11	0.02
Walked altitude range (meters)	100.42	96.5	99.2	64.19	−1.22	42.56	0.05
Measures of the built environment
Exposure to work area	165487.94	59754.43	177728.62	63550.89	32072.23	77222.46	0.04
Exposure to life area	54951.15	25023.8	54786.02	24717.66	20847.84	32900.71	n.s.^c
Exposure to pedestrian network intersection	54.42	29.73	62.75	32.91	7.9	38.56	0.01
Exposure to regular bus stops	5.82	5.17	16.93	10.57	10.64	10.87	<0.001
Exposure to middle-class bus stops	10.76	10.56	6.31	5.29	−3.64	9.48	<0.001
Exposure to population density	0.34	0.12	0.43	0.16	0.1	0.17	<0.001

^aEach subject’s change in exposure is calculated using follow-up survey minus baseline survey data.
^bp refers to the result of t-test comparing the mean in the baseline survey with that in the follow-up survey.
^cn.s. = not significant; p > .05.

ISSN: 1476-072X