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Table 3 Association between dry eye disease and regional characteristics

From: Spatial epidemiology of dry eye disease: findings from South Korea

Regional characteristics

Odds ratio (95% confidence interval) for dry eye disease diagnosis

Odds ratio (95% confidence interval) for dry eye disease symptoms

Unadjusted

Adjusted for sex and age

Adjusted for sex, age, and survey year

Unadjusted

Adjusted for sex and age

Adjusted for sex, age, and survey year

City Size

      
 

Metropolitan Cities

1.654 (1.297-2.110)

1.689 (1.314-2.171)

1.677 (1.299-2.166)

1.352 (1.075-1.700)

1.390 (1.096-1.765)

1.388 (1.090-1.766)

 

Other Cities

1.554 (1.206-2.002)

1.594 (1.229-2.067)

1.580 (1.215-2.055)

1.229 (0.970-1.558)

1.272 (0.996-1.624)

1.271 (0.999-1.617)

 

Rural

1.00

1.00

1.00

1.00

1.00

1.00

Meteorological factor (1-SD increase)

      
 

Average Temperature

1.073 (1.009-1.141)

1.069 (1.004-1.138)

1.076 (1.009-1.148)

1.073 (1.007-1.145)

1.067 (0.998-1.140)

1.065 (0.996-1.138)

 

Average Wind Speed

1.028 (0.912-1.158)

1.019 (0.902-1.151)

1.009 (0.892-1.140)

1.075 (0.952-1.214)

1.064 (0.939-1.205)

1.054 (0.928-1.198)

 

Average Humidity

0.964 (0.949-0.979)

0.964 (0.949-0.979)

0.970 (0.955-0.986)

0.971 (0.956-0.987)

0.971 (0.956-0.987)

0.975 (0.959-0.991)

 

Sunshine Duration

1.016 (1.010-1.021)

1.016 (1.010-1.022)

1.015 (1.006-1.023)

1.012 (1.008-1.017)

1.013 (1.008-1.018)

1.013 (1.005-1.021)

 

Precipitation

1.000 (0.997-1.003)

1.000 (0.997-1.003)

1.002 (0.999-1.006)

0.998 (0.995-1.000)

0.998 (0.995-1.000)

1.000 (0.997-1.003)

Air pollutant (1-SD increase)

      
 

Sulfur dioxide

1.083 (1.007-1.165)

1.082 (1.003-1.168)

1.092 (1.011-1.179)

1.087 (1.001-1.181)

1.087 (1.000-1.182)

1.092 (1.005-1.187)

 

Nitrogen dioxide

1.006 (0.994-1.018)

1.007 (0.994-1.019)

1.011 (0.998-1.024)

1.003 (0.991-1.015)

1.005 (0.993-1.017)

1.009 (0.996-1.022)

 

Ozone

1.010 (0.989-1.031)

1.009 (0.987-1.031)

0.991 (0.968-1.014)

1.011 (0.992-1.031)

1.009 (0.988-1.030)

0.995 (0.971-1.019)

 

Carbon monoxide

0.999 (0.998-1.000)

0.999 (0.998-1.000)

0.999 (0.998-1.000)

0.999 (0.998-1.001)

1.000 (0.998-1.001)

1.000 (0.999-1.001)

 

PM10

0.987 (0.974-1.000)

0.988 (0.974-1.001)

1.014 (0.998-1.031)

0.987 (0.974-1.000)

0.988 (0.974-1.001)

1.010 (0.992-1.027)

  1. Odds ratio and confidence intervals were estimated with considering sampling weights.
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International Journal of Health Geographics

ISSN: 1476-072X