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Table 3 Differences in route characteristics between GIS and GPS routes for all routes, and by usual mode of travel to school

From: How well do modelled routes to school record the environments children are exposed to?: a cross-sectional comparison of GIS-modelled and GPS-measured routes to school

  

GIS mean

GPS mean

Difference (GPS-GIS)

95% CI for diff

Difference as% of GPS value

p1

p2

     

Lower

Upper

   

Length (m)

Total N = 1191

4532.4

5739.5

1207.1

1031.3

1383.1

21.03%

<0.01

 
 

By car N = 262

5219.2

6672.0

1452.8

922.7

1982.9

21.77%

<0.01

<0.01

 

By bus N = 475

6936.7

9032.3

2095.6

1818.1

2373.0

23.20%

<0.01

 
 

By bicycle N = 62

2486.7

2868.4

381.7

173.5

589.8

13.31%

<0.01

 
 

On foot N = 392

1483.4

1580.4

97.0

−61.1

255.3

6.14%

<0.01

 

% of route on busy (A&B) roads

Total N = 1191

25.816

26.170

0.354

−1.042

1.750

1.35%

0.925

 
 

By car N = 262

34.178

30.477

−3.701

−6.998

−0.404

−12.14%

0.073

<0.01

 

By bus N = 475

30.240

35.588

5.348

3.003

7.692

15.03%

<0.01

 
 

By bicycle N = 62

23.253

18.829

−4.423

−12.314

3.467

−23.49%

0.915

 
 

On foot N = 392

15.270

13.039

−2.230

−4.015

−0.446

−17.10%

0.010

 

Number of food outlets on route

Total N = 1191

6.205

6.530

0.325

−0.134

0.784

4.98%

0.938

 
 

By car N = 262

7.767

9.099

1.332

0.040

2.624

14.64%

0.359

<0.01

 

By bus N = 475

6.309

7.368

1.059

0.283

1.835

14.37%

<0.01

 
 

By bicycle N = 62

4.323

3.726

−0.597

−2.069

0.876

−16.02%

0.448

 
 

On foot N = 392

5.332

4.240

−1.092

−1.587

−0.597

−25.75%

<0.01

 

Number of unhealthy food outlets on route

Total N = 1191

2.783

2.934

0.150

−0.071

0.371

5.12%

0.016

 
 

By car N = 262

3.408

3.901

0.492

−0.107

1.091

12.62%

0.546

<0.01

 

By bus N = 475

2.720

3.139

0.419

0.027

0.810

13.35%

0.178

 
 

By bicycle N = 62

2.323

2.306

−0.016

−1.002

0.970

−0.70%

0.526

 
 

On foot N = 392

2.515

2.138

−0.378

−0.579

−0.176

−17.66%

<0.01

 

Number of physical activity facilities on route

Total N = 1191

1.823

2.251

0.428

0.322

0.535

19.02%

<0.01

 
 

By car N = 262

1.656

2.653

0.996

0.707

1.285

37.55%

<0.01

<0.01

 

By bus N = 475

2.423

2.844

0.421

0.267

0.575

14.80%

<0.01

 
 

By bicycle N = 62

0.661

1.371

0.710

0.469

0.950

51.76%

<0.01

 
 

On foot N = 392

1.390

1.403

0.013

−0.154

0.179

0.91%

0.668

 
  1. All difference are GPS - GIS therefore positive values = more on GPS route, and negative values = more on GIS route. p1 p for differences between GIS and GPS values within group (Wilcoxon paired rank test). p2 p for difference in differences between groups (Kruskal-Wallis equality-of-populations rank test). for all p values, bold font indicates p < 0.05, italic font indicates p > 0.05.