Table 1 Percentage agreement and Kappa statistics for all SPOTLIGHT-VAT items, presented by category

Presence of walking related items:*

92.6

0.740

95.1

0.804

97.0

0.856

Type of street (4 categories)

99.2

0.980

100

1.000

97.7

0.938

Presence of sidewalks (yes/no)

89.8

0.764

81.3

0.589

99.2

0.983

Condition of sidewalk (3 categories)

85.9

0.724

95.3

0.907

91.4

0.830

Pedestrian crossing available (yes/no)

95.3

0.642

96.9

0.761

96.9

0.761

Type of pedestrian crossing (if available)

94.5

0.589

96.9

0.765

96.9

0.766

Presence of streetlights (yes/no)

90.6

N/A**

100

N/A

100

N/A

Presence of cycling related items:*

87.1

0.628

95.3

0.849

94.4

0.823

Type of street (4 categories)

99.2

0.980

100

1.000

97.7

0.938

Presence of bicycle lanes (yes/no)

99.2

1.000

99.2

0.973

98.4

0.947

The speed limit in this segment

59.4

0.442

98.4

0.975

96.9

0.950

Obstacles present on bicycle lanes (yes/no)

89.1

0.085

93.8

0.531

95.3

0.557

Do cars form an obstacle on cycle lane (yes/no)

82.8

0.523

82.8

0.588

78.9

0.466

Traffic calming devices present (yes/no)

68.8

0.394

89.8

0.775

89.8

0.777

Public bicycle renting facilities (yes/no)

99.2

N/A

100

1.000

100

1.000

Type of bicycle lanes

99.2

0.973

98.4

0.948

98.4

0.949

Presence of public transport:*

98.9

0.906

99.2

0.946

98.9

0.923

Presence of bus/tram stop (yes/no)

97.7

0.811

98.4

0.892

97.7

0.845

Presence of railway/underground station (yes/no)

100

1.000

100

1.000

100

1.000

Aesthetics:*

78.6

0.440

91.7

0.654

87.3

0.539

Green/water area visible (yes/no)

69.5

0.393

90.6

0.793

88.3

0.740

Residential gardens visible (yes/no)

88.3

0.756

96.1

0.919

96.1

0.919

Rating of most residential buildings (3 categories)

85.2

0.416

93.8

0.796

92.2

0.769

Abandoned or vacant building/area visible (yes/no)

92.2

N/A

96.1

0.741

91.4

0.375

Maintenance of green areas (3 categories)

54.7

0.128

93.8

0.594

85.9

0.347

Condition of sidewalks (3 categories)

85.9

0.724

95.3

0.907

91.4

0.830

Presence of graffiti (yes/no)

90.6

0.306

89.1

0.590

82.8

0.454

Presence of litter (yes/no)

46.1

0.010

76.6

0.520

60.2

0.168

Presence of trees (yes/no)

95.3

0.786

93.8

0.698

97.7

0.883

Land use-mix:*

80.1

0.285

91.4

0.762

91.1

0.740

Presence of residential buildings (yes/no)

85.2

0.416

94.5

0.818

94.5

0.829

Type of residential buildings (5 categories)

72.7

0.000

89.1

0.836

90.6

0.861

% of non-residential buildings (5 categories)

82.5

0.440

90.5

0.633

88.1

0.531

Presence of grocery stores:*

99.2

0.697

100

1.000

99.4

0.681

Supermarket (yes/no)

98.4

N/A

100

1.000

99.2

0.663

Local food shop (yes/no)

97.7

0.393

100

1.000

99.2

0.886

Street food market (yes/no)

100

N/A

100

N/A

100

N/A

Wine/liquor store (yes/no)

100

N/A

100

N/A

100

N/A

Convenience store/small grocery store (yes/no)

100

1.000

100

1.000

98.4

0.494

Presence of food outlets:*

99.2

0.579

99.7

0.887

99.9

0.887

Restaurant (yes/no)

98.4

N/A

99.2

N/A

100

N/A

Fast food restaurant (yes/no)

98.4

0.494

99.2

0.663

99.2

0.663

Take away restaurant (yes/no)

99.2

N/A

100

1.000

100

1.000

On-street vendors of food (yes/no)

100

N/A

100

N/A

100

N/A

Café/bar (yes/no)

99.2

0.663

100

1.000

100

1.000

Shopping mall (yes/no)

100

N/A

100

N/A

100

N/A

Presence of physical activity facilities:*

96.4

0.484

99.0

0.883

97.1

0.527

Indoor recreational facility (yes/no)

100

1.000

100

1.000

99.2

0.663

Outdoor recreational facility (yes/no)

96.9

-0.012

100

1.000

96.9

0.317

Public park (yes/no)

92.2

0.465

96.9

0.650

95.3

0.602

Overall***

91.5

0.595

96.4

0.848

95.6

0.747