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Table 1 Percentage agreement and Kappa statistics for all SPOTLIGHT-VAT items, presented by category
| Category | Inter observer reliability | Intra observer reliability | Criterion validity | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| % Agreement | Kappa | % Agreement | Kappa | % Agreement | Kappa | |
| Presence of walking related items:* | 92.6 | 0.740 | 95.1 | 0.804 | 97.0 | 0.856 |
| Type of street (4 categories) | 99.2 | 0.980 | 100 | 1.000 | 97.7 | 0.938 |
| Presence of sidewalks (yes/no) | 89.8 | 0.764 | 81.3 | 0.589 | 99.2 | 0.983 |
| Condition of sidewalk (3 categories) | 85.9 | 0.724 | 95.3 | 0.907 | 91.4 | 0.830 |
| Pedestrian crossing available (yes/no) | 95.3 | 0.642 | 96.9 | 0.761 | 96.9 | 0.761 |
| Type of pedestrian crossing (if available) | 94.5 | 0.589 | 96.9 | 0.765 | 96.9 | 0.766 |
| Presence of streetlights (yes/no) | 90.6 | N/A** | 100 | N/A | 100 | N/A |
| Presence of cycling related items:* | 87.1 | 0.628 | 95.3 | 0.849 | 94.4 | 0.823 |
| Type of street (4 categories) | 99.2 | 0.980 | 100 | 1.000 | 97.7 | 0.938 |
| Presence of bicycle lanes (yes/no) | 99.2 | 1.000 | 99.2 | 0.973 | 98.4 | 0.947 |
| The speed limit in this segment | 59.4 | 0.442 | 98.4 | 0.975 | 96.9 | 0.950 |
| Obstacles present on bicycle lanes (yes/no) | 89.1 | 0.085 | 93.8 | 0.531 | 95.3 | 0.557 |
| Do cars form an obstacle on cycle lane (yes/no) | 82.8 | 0.523 | 82.8 | 0.588 | 78.9 | 0.466 |
| Traffic calming devices present (yes/no) | 68.8 | 0.394 | 89.8 | 0.775 | 89.8 | 0.777 |
| Public bicycle renting facilities (yes/no) | 99.2 | N/A | 100 | 1.000 | 100 | 1.000 |
| Type of bicycle lanes | 99.2 | 0.973 | 98.4 | 0.948 | 98.4 | 0.949 |
| Presence of public transport:* | 98.9 | 0.906 | 99.2 | 0.946 | 98.9 | 0.923 |
| Presence of bus/tram stop (yes/no) | 97.7 | 0.811 | 98.4 | 0.892 | 97.7 | 0.845 |
| Presence of railway/underground station (yes/no) | 100 | 1.000 | 100 | 1.000 | 100 | 1.000 |
| Aesthetics:* | 78.6 | 0.440 | 91.7 | 0.654 | 87.3 | 0.539 |
| Green/water area visible (yes/no) | 69.5 | 0.393 | 90.6 | 0.793 | 88.3 | 0.740 |
| Residential gardens visible (yes/no) | 88.3 | 0.756 | 96.1 | 0.919 | 96.1 | 0.919 |
| Rating of most residential buildings (3 categories) | 85.2 | 0.416 | 93.8 | 0.796 | 92.2 | 0.769 |
| Abandoned or vacant building/area visible (yes/no) | 92.2 | N/A | 96.1 | 0.741 | 91.4 | 0.375 |
| Maintenance of green areas (3 categories) | 54.7 | 0.128 | 93.8 | 0.594 | 85.9 | 0.347 |
| Condition of sidewalks (3 categories) | 85.9 | 0.724 | 95.3 | 0.907 | 91.4 | 0.830 |
| Presence of graffiti (yes/no) | 90.6 | 0.306 | 89.1 | 0.590 | 82.8 | 0.454 |
| Presence of litter (yes/no) | 46.1 | 0.010 | 76.6 | 0.520 | 60.2 | 0.168 |
| Presence of trees (yes/no) | 95.3 | 0.786 | 93.8 | 0.698 | 97.7 | 0.883 |
| Land use-mix:* | 80.1 | 0.285 | 91.4 | 0.762 | 91.1 | 0.740 |
| Presence of residential buildings (yes/no) | 85.2 | 0.416 | 94.5 | 0.818 | 94.5 | 0.829 |
| Type of residential buildings (5 categories) | 72.7 | 0.000 | 89.1 | 0.836 | 90.6 | 0.861 |
| % of non-residential buildings (5 categories) | 82.5 | 0.440 | 90.5 | 0.633 | 88.1 | 0.531 |
| Presence of grocery stores:* | 99.2 | 0.697 | 100 | 1.000 | 99.4 | 0.681 |
| Supermarket (yes/no) | 98.4 | N/A | 100 | 1.000 | 99.2 | 0.663 |
| Local food shop (yes/no) | 97.7 | 0.393 | 100 | 1.000 | 99.2 | 0.886 |
| Street food market (yes/no) | 100 | N/A | 100 | N/A | 100 | N/A |
| Wine/liquor store (yes/no) | 100 | N/A | 100 | N/A | 100 | N/A |
| Convenience store/small grocery store (yes/no) | 100 | 1.000 | 100 | 1.000 | 98.4 | 0.494 |
| Presence of food outlets:* | 99.2 | 0.579 | 99.7 | 0.887 | 99.9 | 0.887 |
| Restaurant (yes/no) | 98.4 | N/A | 99.2 | N/A | 100 | N/A |
| Fast food restaurant (yes/no) | 98.4 | 0.494 | 99.2 | 0.663 | 99.2 | 0.663 |
| Take away restaurant (yes/no) | 99.2 | N/A | 100 | 1.000 | 100 | 1.000 |
| On-street vendors of food (yes/no) | 100 | N/A | 100 | N/A | 100 | N/A |
| Café/bar (yes/no) | 99.2 | 0.663 | 100 | 1.000 | 100 | 1.000 |
| Shopping mall (yes/no) | 100 | N/A | 100 | N/A | 100 | N/A |
| Presence of physical activity facilities:* | 96.4 | 0.484 | 99.0 | 0.883 | 97.1 | 0.527 |
| Indoor recreational facility (yes/no) | 100 | 1.000 | 100 | 1.000 | 99.2 | 0.663 |
| Outdoor recreational facility (yes/no) | 96.9 | -0.012 | 100 | 1.000 | 96.9 | 0.317 |
| Public park (yes/no) | 92.2 | 0.465 | 96.9 | 0.650 | 95.3 | 0.602 |
| Overall*** | 91.5 | 0.595 | 96.4 | 0.848 | 95.6 | 0.747 |
