Table 1 Parameters used in the model. (In this table, for degree-days, xx(°C)/YY(dd) where: YY degree-days with the base of xx°C are required to clear the stage, T: daily mean temperature (°C), D: distance from the nearest wetland/lake (m), J: Julian day, h: hours)

degree-days

9.0°C/20dd

Table 2

7.0°C/30dd

Table 2

Egg

Mortality

0.2%/day(5 ≤ T ≤ 30), (0.02(5-T) + 0.2)% (T<5) (0.02(T-30) + 0.2)% (30<T)/day

[33] (modified)

Same as tarsalis

[33]

degree-days

7.0°C/170dd

Table 2

9.0°C/150dd

Table 2

Larva

Mortality

(0.5(T-20)² + 25)%/2stages of Larva and Pupa

Fig. 4B of [35] (modified)

0.4 (J ≤ 180), 0.6(J>180) for 2stages of Larva and Pupa

[36]

degree-days

11°C/30dd

Table 2

8.0°C/50dd

Table 2

Pupa

mortality

(see above)

Fig. 4B of [35] (modified)

(see above)

[36]

mortality

(0.24(T-25)² + 5)%/day

[33] (modified)

Same as tarsalis

[33] (modified)

Adult

drying

3 days

[23]

Same as tarsalis

([23])

host seeking

1 day

[23]

Same as tarsalis

([23])

ovary development

5.0°C/77dd

Table2([63])

9.5°C/65dd

Table2

Laid eggs/gonotrophic cycle

230

[64] (via [33])

105

[47]

Average gonotrophic cycle

1.10

[46]

5.00

estimated from [47]

Weight by distance (D(m)) from wetland/lake

0.002924-0.000792(D-52)/2138 (if D ≤ 2190), 0.002132-0.001636(D-2190)/484 (if 2190<D ≤ 2674), max(0.000496-0.000230(D-2674)/2865, 0) (if D>2674)

Fig. 10a

0.3054 (if D ≤ 2190), 0.3054-0.1003(D-2190)/1860 (if 2190<D ≤ 4050), max(0.2051-0.1341(D-4050)/1987,0) (if D>4050)

Fig. 10b

Mortality by predators and lack of food (total of immature stages)

89% (if J ≤ 182), 86%(if J ≤ 244), 73%(if J>244)

[42]

98%

Adjusted by fitting

Ratio of oviposition (considering diapause)

1 (if J<150), 0.3 (if 150 ≤ J<180), 0.3-0.01(J-180) (if 180<J ≤ 210), 0 (if 210<J)

[43]

(-412 + 27.2*daylength(h)+2.99*T-8)%

[44]