International Journal of Health Geographics

Table 2 Base and constant values used for each life stage of C. tarsalis and C. pipiens derived from existing studies. Base (°C) is the minimum temperature at which mosquitoes in each stage grow, and Constant (dd) is the required amount of degree-days (product of excess temperature above the Base and such days). *: Anautogenous form, **: Autogenous form

From: Predicting outbreaks: a spatial risk assessment of West Nile virus in British Columbia

C. tarsalis
Stage	Base(°C)	Constant(dd)	R²	Remarks	Location	Source
Egg	5.9	37.2	0.98	lab	California	[65]
	9.0	20.9	0.87	fluctuating	California	[65]
Larva	7.9	162.6	0.96	lab	California	[65]
	6.2	173.0	0.96	fluctuating	California	[65]
	-40.1	555.6	0.87	fluctuating	California	[65]
	12.7	110.4	0.98	lab	California	[66]
Pupa	11.6	29.3	0.99	lab	California	[65]
	189.4	-311.5	0.02	fluctuating	California	[65]
	-76.3	211.9	0.95	fluctuating	California	[65]
	11.7	28.9	1.00	lab	California	[66]
Ovarian development	4.9	76.9	0.96	lab	California	[63]
C. pipiens
Stage	Base(°C)	Constant(dd)	R²	Remarks	Location	Source
Egg	7.4	30.8	0.96	water	Ontario	[36]
	3.7	35.8	0.90	water, fluctuating*	England	[67]
	6.9	29.1	0.92	water, fluctuating**	England	[67]
Larva	9.0	107.6	0.85	lab	California	[66]
	4.7	119.2	0.43	lab*	England	[67]
	1.7	171.5	0.38	lab**	England	[67]
	9.5	160.0	0.89		Russia?	[68]
Pupa	8.1	34.2	0.85	lab	California	[66]
	8.3	55.9	0.58	lab*	England	[67]
	7.1	57.8	0.61	lab**	England	[67]
Ovarian development	9.6	57.8	0.92	field	Ontario	[36]
	10.0	70.9	0.92	lab	Ontario	[36]
	9.1	78.7	0.93	lab	Baltimore	[37]

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ISSN: 1476-072X

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