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Table 5 Associations between proximal crime exposures and adverse birth outcomes among non-Hispanic white women*

From: Violent crime exposure classification and adverse birth outcomes: a geographically-defined cohort study

 

Preterm birth (<37 weeks gestation & <3888 g)

Low birth weight (<2500 g)

 

Not adjusted

Individual covariates

Area-level covariates

Fully adjusted

Not adjusted

Individual covariates

Area-level covariates

Fully adjusted

Count of violent crimes within 1/2 mile of maternal address (White non-Hispanic cutpoints used in model)

Low (0 – 6)

Referent

Referent

Referent

Referent

Referent

Referent

Referent

Referent

Medium (7 – 21)

1.0 (0.8, 1.4)

1.0 (0.8, 1.3)

1.0 (0.8, 1.3)

1.0 (0.8, 1.3)

1.1 (0.8, 1.5)

1.0 (0.7, 1.4)

1.0 (0.7, 1.4)

1.0 (0.7, 1.4)

High (22 – 562)

1.2 (1.0, 1.6)

1.1 (0.9, 1.5)

1.1 (0.8, 1.6)

1.1 (0.8, 1.5)

1.2 (0.9, 1.7)

1.1 (0.8, 1.5)

1.1 (0.8, 1.7)

1.0 (0.7, 1.5)

Distance (in feet) from maternal address to nearest violent crime (White non-Hispanic cutpoints used in model)

Close (0–512)

Referent

Referent

Referent

Referent

Referent

Referent

Referent

Referent

Medium (513–1239)

1.0 (0.8, 1.3)

1.1 (0.8, 1.4)

1.1 (0.8, 1.4)

1.1 (0.9, 1.5)

0.8 (0.6, 1.1)

0.9 (0.7, 1.2)

0.8 (0.6, 1.1)

0.9 (0.7, 1.2)

Far (<15,617)

1.0 (0.8, 1.3)

1.1 (0.9, 1.4)

1.1 (0.8, 1.4)

1.2 (0.9, 1.5)

0.8 (0.6, 1.1)

0.9 (0.7, 1.3)

0.9 (0.6, 1.2)

1.0 (0.7, 1.3)

  1. * Unadjusted, individual (maternal age, education), neighborhood (area-level deprivation), and fully-adjusted (individual and area-level covarites) odds ratios [OR] (95% Confidence Intervals [95% CI]) of preterm birth and low birth weight for 1/2 mile violent crime count and distance to nearest violent crime among non-Hispanic white women living in Raleigh NC.