Violent crime exposure classification and adverse birth outcomes: a geographically-defined cohort study

Table 7 Associations between proximal violent crime exposures and adverse birth outcomes among non-Hispanic black women*

	Preterm birth (<37 weeks gestation & <3888 g)				Low birth weight (<2500 g)
	Not adjusted	Individual covariates	Area-level covariates	Fully adjusted	Not adjusted	Individual covariates	Area-level covariates	Fully adjusted
Count of violent crimes within 1/2 mile of maternal address (Black non-Hispanic cutpoints used in this model)
Low (0 – 29)	Referent	Referent	Referent	Referent	Referent	Referent	Referent	Referent
Medium(30 – 81)	1.0 (0.8, 1.3)	0.9 (0.7, 1.2)	0.9 (0.7, 1.2)	0.9 (0.7, 1.2)	1.0 (0.8, 1.3)	0.9 (0.7, 1.2)	0.9 (0.7, 1.2)	0.9 (0.6, 1.1)
High (82 – 633)	1.1 (0.9, 1.4)	1.0 (0.8, 1.3)	1.0 (0.7, 1.4)	0.9 (0.7, 1.3)	1.3 (1.0, 1.6)	1.1 (0.8, 1.4)	1.1 (0.8, 1.5)	1.0 (0.7, 1.3)
Distance (in feet) from maternal address to nearest violent crime (Black non-Hispanic cutpoints used in model)
Close (0 – 21)	Referent	Referent	Referent	Referent	Referent	Referent	Referent	Referent
Medium (22 – 287)	1.1 (0.9, 1.4)	1.1 (0.9, 1.4)	1.1 (0.9,1.4)	1.1 (0.9, 1.4)	1.0 (0.8, 1.3)	1.1 (0.8, 1.4)	1.0 (0.8, 1.3)	1.1 (0.8, 1.4)
Far (<12857)	0.8 (0.7, 1.1)	0.9 (0.7, 1.2)	0.9 (0.7, 1.1)	0.9 (0.7,1.2)	0.8 (0.6, 1.0)	0.8 (0.6, 1.1)	0.8 (0.6, 1.0)	0.9 (0.7, 1.1)

** Unadjusted, individual (maternal age, education), neighborhood (area-level deprivation), and fully-adjusted (individual and area-level covarites) odds ratios [OR] (95% Confidence Intervals [95% CI]) of preterm birth and low birth weight for 1/2 mile violent crime count and distance to nearest violent crime among non-Hispanic black women living in Raleigh NC.

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