Characteristic of Sample Women | Data Source |
Enabling/Disabling | Developed from linked SEER cancer registry and 5% Medicare data, provided by the National Cancer Institute [46]. |
   Individual disability as original reason for Medicare entitlement |  |
   Moved to a new residence in 2002–2003 |  |
   Months with extra assistance from state Medicaid, 2002–2003 |  |
   Distance to closest mammography facility |  |
Predisposing | Â |
   Age in 2002 | Developed from linked SEER cancer registry and 5% Medicare data, provided by the National Cancer Institute [46] |
   Months enrolled in a Medicare HMO anytime in 2000–2001: prior period |  |
   Race or ethnicity (white, African American, Asian, Hispanic, Native American, other) |  |
Need | Â |
   Had previous cancer diagnosis, breast or other cancers |  |
   Obtained flu shot from doctor in 2002–2003 |  |
Interpersonal Factors (PCSA) | Data Source |
Social Integration and Support: Isolation index describing segregation by race or ethnicity (white, African American, Asian, Hispanic, Native American, other) | Developed from U.S. Census 2000 micro data at tract and ZCTA levels. |
Stressor, Driver Courtesy: Commuter intensity reflecting the proportion of the workforce in each woman's residential area commuting 60 minutes or more each way to work | Â |
Social or Cultural Cohesion: Proportion of the population in each woman's residential area immigrating into the United States between 1995–2000 | Developed from U.S. Census 2000 micro data at tract and ZCTA levels. |
Social or Cultural Cohesion: Proportion of the elderly in each woman's residential area with little or no English language ability | Â |
Stressor, Living Conditions: Proportion of female elderly in each woman's residential area living alone | Â |
Stressor, Living Conditions: Proportion of elderly in each woman's residential area living below the federal poverty level | Â |
Health Care System: Number of mammography facilities per thousand elderly women in each woman's residential area, 2002–2003 | Derived from SEER-Medicare linked database claims files [46] and U.S. Census. |
Health Care System: Number of oncologists (or nurses) per thousand elderly, 2001 (2000) | Area Resource File |
Health Care System: Ratio of counts of International Medical Graduates (IMGs) to U.S.-born physicians (generalists and specialists), 2000–2001 | HRSA geospatial data warehouse |
Health Care System: County designated as a primary care provider shortage area in whole or part of county, 2002 | Data available from HRSA |
Health Care System: Medicare managed care penetration, defined as proportion of the eligible population enrolled in Medicare HMOs, 2003 | Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services, Geographic Service Area Files |
Social Context: Number of violent crimes known to police per thousand population | U.S. Department of Justice and FBI, National Archive of Criminal Justice Data |
Physical Environment: Entropy index of land use mix: LANDMIX = - Σi = 1n Pi (ln Pi/ln n) Where n (5) is the number of different land use type classes in the county and Pi is the proportion of land in type i in the county | Calculated by RTI using the 2001 National Land Cover Data (NLCD) |