Heterogeneity in mammography use across the nation: separating evidence of disparities from the disproportionate effects of geography

Mobley, Lee R; Kuo, Tzy-Mey (May); Driscoll, David; Clayton, Laurel; Anselin, Luc

doi:10.1186/1476-072X-7-32

International Journal of Health Geographics

Table 4 Sample statistics for area-level contextual variables

From: Heterogeneity in mammography use across the nation: separating evidence of disparities from the disproportionate effects of geography

State	CA	CT	GA	IA	KY	LA	MI	NM	NJ	UT	WA
Number PCSAs	N = 335	N = 71	N = 22	N = 224	N = 146	N = 109	N = 18	N = 60	N = 140	N = 51	N = 63
Isolation index for African Americans	0.049	0.067	0.400	0.009	0.058	0.353	0.280	0.013	0.125	0.006	0.028
	0.078	0.104	0.195	0.026	0.094	0.171	0.327	0.015	0.158	0.014	0.046
Isolation index for Hispanics	0.310	0.077	0.061	0.023	0.015	0.020	0.049	0.501	0.121	0.095	0.050
	0.237	0.109	0.066	0.036	0.014	0.017	0.090	0.219	0.145	0.103	0.032
Isolation index for Asians	0.067	0.023	0.026	0.007	0.006	0.011	0.037	0.006	0.053	0.010	0.044
	0.085	0.015	0.029	0.009	0.010	0.031	0.032	0.008	0.055	0.011	0.053
Isolation index for Native Americans	0.022	0.004	0.003	0.004	0.004	0.012	0.004	0.154	0.002	0.042	0.051
	0.058	0.006	0.004	0.010	0.005	0.028	0.001	0.286	0.002	0.133	0.132
Isolation index for Pacific Islanders	0.003	0.001	0.001	0.001	0.000	0.001	0.001	0.002	0.001	0.004	0.004
	0.004	0.001	0.003	0.002	0.001	0.002	0.001	0.006	0.001	0.008	0.004
Proportion of workers commuting > 60 minutes to work	0.102	0.086	0.111	0.049	0.093	0.101	0.068	0.094	0.131	0.075	0.117
	0.059	0.060	0.030	0.026	0.048	0.041	0.032	0.069	0.055	0.047	0.080
Proportion of elderly with little or no English	0.286	0.152	0.246	0.074	0.084	0.083	0.192	0.249	0.243	0.182	0.184
	0.169	0.098	0.240	0.122	0.150	0.106	0.078	0.187	0.137	0.209	0.171
Proportion of population entering US 1995–2000	0.179	0.204	0.304	0.256	0.309	0.201	0.240	0.228	0.199	0.322	0.206
	0.070	0.078	0.171	0.191	0.212	0.153	0.086	0.161	0.087	0.141	0.096
Proportion of female elderly living alone	0.318	0.358	0.336	0.397	0.406	0.372	0.368	0.331	0.342	0.327	0.358
	0.067	0.053	0.053	0.049	0.049	0.058	0.044	0.081	0.067	0.076	0.062
Proportion of elderly in poverty	0.096	0.057	0.144	0.163	0.285	0.203	0.078	0.517	0.078	0.093	0.069
	0.238	0.042	0.093	0.872	0.949	0.122	0.054	2.693	0.086	0.095	0.032
Number counties	N = 58	N = 8	N = 15	N = 99	N = 120	N = 64	N = 3	N = 33	N = 21	N = 29	N = 13
Number of mammogram facilities per 1000 women	0.989	0.955	1.355	1.354	0.700	0.758	1.330	1.267	2.459	1.532	1.209
	0.313	0.297	1.354	1.686	0.767	0.368	1.119	1.364	3.936	1.884	0.700
Number of oncologists per 1000 elderly	0.099	0.093	0.033	0.088	0.039	0.167	0.028	0.019	0.046	0.082	0.087
	0.089	0.069	0.095	0.154	0.114	0.169	0.125	0.048	0.137	0.074	0.078
Number of nurses per 1000 elderly	7.077	4.145	1.896	2.736	5.150	2.976	1.884	3.359	1.898	4.843	3.394
	4.930	3.344	2.900	3.268	15.241	2.204	4.208	5.478	3.604	7.349	2.691
Ratio foreign born to U.S. doctors	0.248	0.354	0.255	0.222	0.232	0.304	0.136	0.204	0.063	0.187	0.088
	0.040	0.133	0.201	0.185	0.159	0.050	0.160	0.193	0.099	0.122	0.033
HMO penetration	0.205	0.294	0.096	0.041	0.094	0.066	0.197	0.174	0.094	0.124	0.103
	0.204	0.052	0.096	0.061	0.098	0.061	0.025	0.031	0.072	0.094	0.070
Violent crime rate	1.143	1.688	0.846	2.296	3.588	2.338	0.932	2.215	0.821	4.092	1.582
	0.687	1.110	0.711	1.999	1.733	2.447	1.068	1.541	0.514	1.302	0.668
Land use mix	0.212	0.470	0.367	0.192	0.192	0.190	0.893	0.560	0.042	0.083	0.282
	0.206	0.206	0.342	0.062	0.101	0.131	0.067	0.261	0.047	0.135	0.157
HRSA primary care physician shortage	0.828	0.875	0.867	0.475	0.675	0.641	0.667	0.381	0.879	1.000	0.923
	0.381	0.354	0.352	0.502	0.470	0.484	0.577	0.498	0.331	0.000	0.277

Note: Sample means are provided on the first row for each variable, followed by sample standard deviations (SD) on the second row. Standard errors (SE) can be calculated using the sample size n from the first row, where SE = SD divided by square root of n.

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ISSN: 1476-072X

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