Figure 2

A "true" location (shown in red) and a sample (100 points in blue) of hypothetical geocoded locations with positional error according to our Gaussian model. Each figure shows 100 simulated locations, a) for an axis ratio of 1, b) for a ratio of 0.5, c) for a ratio of 0.2, and d) for a ratio of 0.1. The distributions become increasingly cross-like as the ratio departs from 1.