Table 2 Prevalence odds ratio for congenital anomalies according to maternal exposure to emissions of the municipal solid waste incinerator of Reggio Emilia, northern Italy, 1998–2006 1
Entire study period | Operation period | Shut-down period | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Cases % (n) | Controls % (n) | OR (95% CI) | Cases % (n) | Controls % (n) | OR (95% CI) | Cases % (n) | Controls % (n) | OR (95% CI) | |
All abnormalities | |||||||||
A area (low exposure) | 89.0 (203) | 90.4 (206) | 1.00 (referent) | 91.6 (119) | 89.2 (116) | 1.00 (referent) | 83.5 (71) | 90.6 (77) | 1.00 (referent) |
B area (medium exposure) | 7.9 (18) | 5.3 (12) | 1.55 (0.67–3.56) | 6.1 (8) | 5.4 (7) | 1.10 (0.39–3.06) | 11.8 (10) | 5.9 (5) | 3.17 (0.65–15.46) |
C area (high exposure) | 3.1 (7) | 4.3 (10) | 0.67 (0.25–1.77) | 2.3 (3) | 5.4 (7) | 0.41 (0.11–1.61) | 4.7 (4) | 3.5 (3) | 1.30 (0.29–5.82) |
P trend 0.883 | P trend 0.321 | P trend 0.308 | |||||||
Overall exposed area (B+C) | 11.0 (25) | 9.6 (22) | 1.10 (0.59–2.04) | 8.4 (11) | 10.8 (14) | 0.76 (0.34–1.69) | 16.5 (14) | 9.4 (8) | 2.07 (0.71–6.00) |
Cardiovascular anomalies | |||||||||
A area (low exposure) | 90.6 (87) | 88.6 (85) | 1.00 (referent) | 94.9 (56) | 83.0 (49) | 1.00 (referent) | 81.4 (26) | 96.9 (31) | 1.00 (referent) |
B area (medium exposure) | 6.3 (6) | 6.3 (6) | 0.94 (0.27–3.31) | 5.1 (3) | 8.4 (5) | 0.59 (0.14–2.49) | 9.3 (3) | 3.1 (1) | -2 |
C area (high exposure) | 3.1 (3) | 5.2 (5) | 0.58 (0.14–2.45) | 0.0 (0) | 8.4 (5) | -2 | 9.3 (3) | 0.0 (0) | -2 |
P trend 0.494 | P trend 0.647 | P trend 0.996 | |||||||
Overall exposed area (B+C) | 9.4(9) | 11.5 (11) | 0.76 (0.30–1.96) | 5.1 (3) | 16.8 (10) | 0.29 (0.08–1.08) | 18.8 (6) | 3.1 (1) | -2 |
Nervous system defects | |||||||||
A area (low exposure) | 95.7 (22) | 87.0 (20) | 1.00 (referent) | 100.0 (13) | 92.3 (12) | 1.00 (referent) | 88.9 (8) | 77.8 (7) | 1.00 (referent) |
B area (medium exposure) | 4.3 (1) | 0.0 (0) | -2 | 0.0 (0) | 0.0 (0) | -2 | 11.1 (1) | 0.0 (0) | -2 |
C area (high exposure) | 0.0 (0) | 13.0 (3) | -2 | 0.0 (0) | 7.7 (1) | -2 | 0.0 (0) | 22.2 (2) | -2 |
P trend 0.200 | P trend 0.995 | P trend 0.354 | |||||||
Overall exposed area (B+C) | 4.3 (1) | 13.0 (3) | 0.31 (0.03–3.11) | 0.0 (0) | 7.7 (1) | -2 | 11.1 (1) | 22.2 (2) | 0.50 (0.05–5.51) |