Beyond greenspace: an ecological study of population general health and indicators of natural environment type and quality

Table 3 Regression results: association between land cover type density and directly age/sex standardised bad/very bad health prevalence (%)

Land Cover Map 2007 Aggregate Class	Model 1: Single land cover types, unadjusted			Model 2: Single land cover types, adjusted for IoD and urbanity			Model 3: Mutually adjusted for all land covers, with IoD and urbanity
LSOA % land cover	B	95% CI	p	B	95% CI	p	B	95% CI	p
Broadleaf woodland	-0.082	-0.086,-0.078	<0.001	-0.010	-0.012,-0.008	<0.001	-0.009	-0.011,-0.007	<0.001
Coniferous woodland	-0.100	-0.113,-0.088	<0.001	-0.003	-0.008,0.002	0.289	0.003	-0.002,0.008	0.283
Arable and horticulture	-0.033	-0.035,-0.032	<0.001	-0.001	-0.001,0.000	0.098	-0.001	-0.002,-0.000	0.001
Improved grassland	-0.044	-0.046,-0.042	<0.001	-0.006	-0.007,-0.006	<0.001	-0.006	-0.007,-0.005	<0.001
Semi-natural grassland	-0.087	-0.093,-0.081	<0.001	-0.004	-0.007,-0.002	0.001	0.001	-0.001,0.004	0.328
Mountain, heath, bog	-0.055	-0.063,-0.046	<0.001	-0.002	-0.005,0.002	0.341	-0.002	-0.006,0.002	0.329
Saltwater	0.221	0.162,0.280	<0.001	-0.011	-0.034,0.013	0.361	-0.010	-0.033,0.014	0.418
Freshwater	-0.036	-0.049,-0.022	<0.001	0.000	-0.005,0.006	0.914	0.003	-0.003,0.008	0.322
Coastal	-0.010	-0.021,0.002	0.106	-0.009	-0.014,-0.005	<0.001	-0.011	-0.016,-0.006	<0.001
Urban/suburban	0.029	0.028,0.030	<0.001	0.004	0.003,0.004	<0.001	a

IoD: Indices of Deprivation. B = change in directly age/sex standardised prevalence (%) of good/very good health associated with one percentage point increase in LSOA land cover density. Bold coefficient - association in hypothesised direction, p < 0.05. Italicised coefficient - association in opposite direction to that hypothesised, p < 0.05.
^aUrban/suburban excluded from fully adjusted model.

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