A direct observation method for auditing large urban centers using stratified sampling, mobile GIS technology and virtual environments

Table 3 Interrater reliability results as intraclass correlation coefficients, r, for all three field seasons for 10 SSOI items retained after 2011

Item	2011			2012			2013
Item	n	r	95% CI	n	r	95% CI	n	r	95% CI
Cleanliness of streets and properties	56	0.66**	[0.44,0.89]	73	0.30^#	[−0.08,0.55]	167	0.81	[0.75,0.86]
Presence of trees	59	0.89	[0.78,0.94]	74	0.48^#	[0.30,0.62]	167	0.75	[0.66,0.82]
Quality of trees	59	0.77	[0.59,0.87]	74	0.09^#	[−0.31,0.32]	167	0.40**	[0.21,0.54]
Landscaping	57	0.79	[0.61,0.90]	74	0.69	[0.54,0.79]	167	0.79	[0.74,0.84]
Flowers and shrubs	57	0.78	[0.59,0.89]	74	0.66	[0.46,0.78]	165	0.80	[0.75,0.85]
Houses well-spaced	59	0.89	[0.76,0.95]	74	0.77**	[0.62,0.89]	158	0.73	[0.60,0.82]
Upkeep of homes	58	0.88	[0.80,0.93]	74	0.77	[0.64,0.84]	160	0.78	[0.71,0.84]
Presence of outdoor furniture	51	0.97	[0.93,0.99]	72	0.67	[0.48,0.79]	167	0.62	[0.47,0.72]
Quality of outdoor furniture	59	0.96	[0.88,0.99]	54	0.67	[0.47,0.81]	123	0.67	[0.57,0.76]
Pedestrian infrastructure	58	0.87	[0.76,0.94]	73	0.80	[0.66,0.88]	165	0.34^#	[0.26,0.42]

^#Not significant at p < 0.05, ** significant at p < 0.01, all others significant at p < 0.001

ISSN: 1476-072X