Table 1 Description and source of all built environment variables used in the study
Variable | Description | Mean (SD) | Range | Data source |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Address density | Degree of concentration by number of addresses within a 1 km radius on January 1, 2013 | 1533 (779.6) | 16–3684 | Statistics Netherlands [19] |
Population density | Number of residents per km2 in a neighborhood on January 1, 2013 | 3999.3 (1904.7) | 8–11,151 | Statistics Netherlands [19] |
Level of mixed use | Degree of mixed use of a neighborhood, measured by an entropy measure containing the categories ‘residential’ and ‘other’ in 2013 | 0.517 (0.203) | 0.069–1 | Kadaster [41] |
Connectivity | Number of intersections per km2 in a neighborhood in November 2012 | 140.2 (51.5) | 2–303 | Kadaster [42] |
Accessibility of facilities | Number of facilities within a 1 km radius in 2013. The following facilities were used to calculate this variable (weights between brackets): big supermarkets (10), other daily provisions (5), cafes (1), cafeteria (1), restaurants (1), nurseries (1), out-of-school care (1) and schools (5) | 68.9 (61.8) | 0–424 | Statistics Netherlands [19] |
Accessibility of parks | Accessibility measure based on the mean distance to a park for all residents of a neighborhood in 2008 | 0.613 (0.544) | 0.1–4.6 | Statistics Netherlands [30] |
Accessibility of forests | Accessibility measure based on the mean distance to a forest for all residents of a neighborhood in 2008 | 1.078 (0.512) | 0.2–2.7 | Statistics Netherlands [30] |
Accessibility of open natural areas | Accessibility measure based on the mean distance to an open natural area for all residents of a neighborhood in 2008 | 3.197 (1.442) | 0.5–6.3 | Statistics Netherlands [30] |
Accessibility of public green space | Accessibility measure based on the mean distance to public green space (i.e. one of the above) for all residents of a neighborhood in 2008 | 0.441 (0.196) | 0.1–1.2 | Statistics Netherlands [30] |