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Table 2 Multilevel linear regression model of the relationship between gentrification and collective efficacy adjusted for neighborhood and socio-demographic characteristics

From: Is gentrification all bad? Positive association between gentrification and individual’s perceived neighborhood collective efficacy in Montreal, Canada

 

β

(95% CI)

P value

Constant

29.33

(25.50, 33.16)

0.00

Age

−0.01

(−0.04, 0.01)

0.31

Sex (ref. male)

 Female

−1.08

(−1.70, −0.46)

0.00

Language (ref. first language is French)

 First language is not French

−1.09

(−1.75, −0.43)

0.00

Education (ref. bachelor’s degree)

 High school or less

0.46

(−0.40, 1.31)

0.30

 Post-secondary education of a lower level than a bachelor’s degree

0.61

(−0.13, 1.34)

0.11

Neighborhood poverty

0.09

(−0.30, 0.47)

0.66

Household income

−0.85

(−1.56, −0.14)

0.02

Tenure (ref. owner)

 Renter

2.62

(1.88, 3.37)

0.00

Number of years lived in dwelling

−0.03

(−0.07, 0.02)

0.20

Gentrification (ref. no)

 Yes

1.54

(0.16, 2.93)

0.03

Random effects

 Tract variance

2.43

(1.32, 4.50)

0.01

  1. Significance level: P = 0.05