Table 3 Multilevel linear regression model for the relationship between type of resident and collective efficacy adjusted for neighborhood and socio-demographic characteristics
β | 95% CI | P Value | |
|---|---|---|---|
Constant | 31.09 | (27.13, 35.06) | 0.00 |
Age | −0.02 | (−0.04, 0.01) | 0.18 |
Sex (ref. male) | |||
Female | −1.09 | (−1.72, −0.47) | 0.00 |
Education (ref. Bachelor’s degree) | |||
Highschool or less | 0.44 | (−0.42, 1.30) | 0.31 |
Post-secondary education of a lower level than a bachelor’s degree | 0.59 | (−0.14, 1.32) | 0.12 |
Neighborhood poverty | 0.08 | (−0.30, 0.47) | 0.67 |
Type of resident (ref. Moved into a gentrifying neighborhood) | |||
Original resident of a gentrifying neighborhood | −1.25 | (−3.36, 0.85) | 0.24 |
Moved into a neighborhood that did not gentrify | −1.72 | (−3.15, −0.29) | 0.02 |
Original resident of a neighborhood that did not gentrify | −1.96 | (−3.54, −0.37) | 0.02 |
Household income | −0.86 | (−1.57, −0.15) | 0.02 |
First language (ref. first language is French) | |||
First language is not French | −1.10 | (−1.76, −0.44) | 0.00 |
Tenure (ref. owner) | |||
Renter | 2.69 | (1.96, 3.42) | 0.00 |
Random effects | |||
Tract variance | 2.44 | (1.32, 4.51) | 0.00 |