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Table 1 Route level scales and valence scores (N = 120)

From: Online versus in-person comparison of Microscale Audit of Pedestrian Streetscapes (MAPS) assessments: reliability of alternate methods

Score name

Possible range

Individual items

Inter-rater agreement (ICC)

Confidence interval (CI)

Rater

Mean

SD

Percent without feature

Destination and land use: Positive characteristics

 Residential mix

0–3

0 = commercial

1 = single family

2 = multi-family only and any other mix

3 = apartments over retail only

ICC: 0.73

(0.63, 0.80)

On the ground

1.29

0.69

11.6%

Online (St view)

1.23

0.65

10.8% commercial

 Shops

0–8

Presence of (0, 1, 2+) grocery/supermarket, convenience stores, liquor/alcohol store, retail stores

ICC: 0.86

(0.81, 0.90)

On the ground

1.65

1.93

44.2%

Online (St view)

1.48

1.78

45%

 Restaurant-entertainment

0–8

Presence of (0, 1, 2+) fast food restaurant, sit-down restaurant, café/coffee shop, entertainment

ICC: 0.92

(0.89, 0.95)

On the ground

1.73

1.91

43.3%

Online (St view)

1.71

1.96

43.3%

 Institutional-service

0–6

Presence of (0, 1, 2+) bank, credit union, health-related professional, other service

ICC: 0.85

(0.79, 0.89)

On the ground

1.94

2.03

41.7%

Online (St view)

2.01

1.89

37.5%

 Public recreation

0–2

Presence of (0, 1, 2+) public park

ICC: 0.66

(0.55, 0.75)

On the ground

0.10

0.30

90%

Online (St view)

0.11

0.36

90.8%

 Private recreation

0–2

Presence of (0, 1, 2+) private recreation facilities

ICC: 0.70

(0.59, 0.78)

On the ground

0.21

0.53

85%

Online (St view)

0.24

0.52

80%

 School

0–2

Presence of (0, 1, 2+) school

ICC: 0.53

(0.39, 0.65)

On the ground

0.24

0.52

89.2%

Online (St view)

0.20

0.50

92.5%

 Place of worship

0–2

Presence of (0, 1, 2+) places of worship (e.g., church, synagogue, mosque)

ICC: 0.62

(0.50, 0.72)

On the ground

0.13

0.38

80%

Online (St view)

0.09

0.34

84.2%

Destination and land use: Valence and overall

 Land use positive

0–33

Sum residential mix, shops, restaurant-entertainment, institutional service, public recreation, private recreation, school, place of worship

ICC: 0.93

(0.90, 0.95)

On the ground

7.28

5.91

–

Online (St view)

7.08

5.50

–

Streetscape characteristics: Positive characteristics

 Transit stops

0–2

Number of stops along route (0–6) and amenities at 1st stop (bench, covered shelter), recoded as no stop (0), 1 or more stops (1) or 1 or more stops with amenities at first stop (2)

ICC: 0.95

(0.93, 0.97)

On the ground

0.69

0.93

63.3%

Online (St view)

0.71

0.94

62.5%

 Traffic calming

0–1

Traffic calming characteristics (pedestrian signage, speed humps, curb extensions)

ICC: 0.57

(0.44, 0.68)

On the ground

0.32

0.47

68.3%

Online (St view)

0.30

0.46

70%

 Streetlights

0–1

Presence of street lights (any vs. none)

ICC: 0.91

(0.87, 0.93)

On the ground

0.95

0.22

5%

Online (St view)

0.96

0.20

4.2%

 Driveways

0–1

Presence of less than 6 driveways along route (yes or no)

ICC: 0.87

(0.81, 0.91)

On the ground

0.44

0.50

52.5%

Online (St view)

0.48

0.50

55.8%

 Street amenities

0–4

Presence of street amenities [i.e., trash bins (any vs. none), building overhangs ((any vs. none), bike racks (any vs. none), benches (any vs. none)]

ICC: 0.58

(0.45, 0.69)

On the ground

0.63

0.94

61.7%

Online (St view)

0.57

0.86

62.5%

Streetscape characteristics: Valence and overall

 Streetscape positive

0–9

Transit stops, traffic calming characteristics, street lights, <6 driveways, street amenities

ICC: 0.81

(0.73, 0.86)

On the ground

3.03

1.89

2.5%

Online (St view)

3.01

1.71

1.7%

Aesthetics and social characteristics: Valence and overall

 Aesthetics/social positive

0–3

Buildings well-maintained (100%), no presence of any physical disorder and extent

ICC: 0.15

(−0.03, 0.32)

On the ground

2.25

0.87

3.3%

Online (St view)

2.09

0.73

0.8%

 Aesthetics/social negative

0–2

Buildings not well-maintained (>100%), presence of any physical disorder and extent

ICC: 0.07

(−0.12, 0.24)

On the ground

0.90

0.92

46.6%

Online (St view)

0.40

0.72

72.5%

 Aesthetics/social overall

−2 to 3

Aesthetics/social positive score – aesthetics/social negative scores

ICC: 0.27

(0.10, 0.43)

On the ground

1.38

1.28

17.5%

Online (St view)

1.70

1.19

8.3%