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Table 7 Home-based exposures (mean, 95% CI) to convenience stores, restaurants, cafés and all outlets, Euclidean and Network 1 mile buffers

From: Does exposure to the food environment differ by socioeconomic position? Comparing area-based and person-centred metrics in the Fenland Study, UK

Home

Convenience stores

Restaurants

Cafés

All outlets

1 mile euclidean

1 mile network

1 mile euclidean

1 mile network

1 mile euclidean

1 mile network

1 mile euclidean

1 mile network

Educational attainmenta (n = 10,276)

 Low

9.0 (8.5, 9.5)

5.3 (5.0, 5.6)

10.2 (9.5, 11.0)

5.6 (5.2, 6.0)

5.8 (5.3, 6.3)

3.0 (2.6, 3.3)

34.3 (32.3, 36.3)

20.2 (19.0, 21.5)

 Medium

8.0 (7.7, 8.2)

4.8 (4.6, 4.9)

10.7 (10.1, 11.3)

5.9 (5.6, 6.3)

6.4 (6.0, 6.8)

3.3 (3.0, 3.5)

33.5 (32.0, 35.0)

19.9 (19.0, 20.8)

 High

13.3 (12.8, 13.7)

7.5 (7.2, 7.8)

30.1 (28.7, 31.5)

15.7 (14.9, 16.6)

20.0 (19.0, 20.9)

9.8 (9.2, 10.4)

78.8 (75.4, 82.2)

43.8 (41.7, 45.9)

 p-trendc

<0.001

<0.001

<0.001

<0.001

<0.001

<0.001

<0.001

<0.001

 % Differenced

48

42

195

180

245

227

129

117

Equivalised incomeb (n = 9617)

 <£23,000

9.9 (9.5, 10.4)

5.8 (5.5, 6.1)

14.2 (13.1, 15.2)

7.6 (7.0, 8.2)

8.5 (7.8, 9.2)

4.2 (3.8, 4.7)

43.0 (40.4, 45.7)

24.9 (23.2, 26.5)

 £23,000−£42,999

9.4 (9.0, 9.7)

5.6 (5.3, 5.8)

15.7 (14.8, 16.6)

8.5 (8.0, 9.1)

9.6 (9.0, 10.3)

4.8 (4.5, 5.2)

44.9 (42.6, 47.2)

26.3 (24.9, 27.7)

 ≥£43,000

11.2 (10.7, 11.6)

6.3 (6.1, 6.6)

22.0 (20.8, 23.3)

11.4 (10.7, 12.2)

14.3 (13.4, 15.1)

6.9 (6.4, 7.5)

60.2 (57.2, 63.2)

33.5 (31.7, 35.3)

 p-trendc

<0.001

<0.001

<0.001

<0.001

<0.001

<0.001

<0.001

<0.001

 % Differenced

13

9

55

50

68

64

50

35

Home and work e

Educational attainmenta (n = 7169)

 Low

23.0 (21.9, 24.1)

14.2 (13.5, 15.0)

32.6 (30.4, 34.8)

21.0 (19.4, 22.6)

19.3 (17.8, 20.8)

12.7 (11.5, 13.8)

98.8 (93.4, 104.2)

63.8 (59.9, 67.7)

 Medium

20.3 (19.6, 21.0)

12.6 (12.1, 13.1)

33.2 (31.6, 34.8)

21.4 (20.3, 22.5)

20.4 (19.3, 21.4)

13.2 (12.4, 14.0)

95.5 (91.7, 99.3)

61.7 (59.0, 64.4)

 High

27.7 (26.8, 28.6)

16.2 (15.6, 16.7)

69.1 (66.2, 72.0)

42.7 (40.6, 44.7)

45.3 (43.3, 47.2)

27.9 (26.5, 29.3)

173.9 (167.3, 180.5)

107.4 (102.8, 112.1)

 p-trendc

<0.001

<0.001

<0.001

<0.001

<0.001

<0.001

<0.001

<0.001

 % Differenced

20

14

112

103

135

120

76

68

Equivalised incomeb (n = 6774)

 <£23,000

23.0 (21.9, 24.1)

14.2 (13.5, 14.9)

36.6 (34.1, 39.2)

22.9 (21.1, 24.6)

22.3 (20.6, 24.0)

14.0 (12.8, 15.2)

106.4 (100.3, 112.5)

67.3 (63.1, 71.4)

 £23,000−£42,999

22.7 (21.9, 23.5)

13.9 (13.3, 14.4)

43.2 (41.1, 45.4)

27.5 (26.0, 29.1)

26.9 (25.4, 28.3)

17.2 (16.1, 18.3)

117.5 (112.6, 122.5)

75.1 (71.5, 78.6)

 ≥£43,000

25.1 (24.2, 26.0)

14.9 (14.3, 15.5)

55.2 (52.6, 57.9)

34.4 (32.6, 36.2)

35.5 (33.8, 37.3)

22.1 (20.9, 23.4)

143.8 (137.8, 149.9)

89.6 (85.4, 93.8)

 p-trendc

0.001

0.084

<0.001

<0.001

<0.001

<0.001

<0.001

<0.001

 % Differenced

9

5

51

50

59

58

35

33

  1. aEducational attainment: ‘Low’ indicates compulsory school education and corresponding qualifications; ‘Medium’ indicates further education academic or vocational qualifications; ‘High’ represents degree or higher qualifications
  2. bTotal household income equivalised using a version of the OECD’s modified equivalence scale
  3. cTest for trend based on linear regression with groups of education/income treated as a continuous variable
  4. dPercent difference is of the additional exposure in the highest socioeconomic group compared to the lowest
  5. eParticipants included if they had a valid work postcode and were in work
  6. All food outlets = takeaways, supermarkets, convenience stores, restaurants, cafes
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International Journal of Health Geographics

ISSN: 1476-072X