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Table 3 Highest values of various characteristics for no garden, garden-adjacent, and garden-containing tracts

From: Gardening in the desert: a spatial optimization approach to locating gardens in rapidly expanding urban environments

Tract type

Land use characteristics

Food deserts

Housing

Socio-demographics

Food outlets

Urban design and transportation

Contains garden

Industrial

Low access low income share at 1/2-mile (0.8 km)

% Vacant housing units

% Black

# Supermarkets

 

Neighborhood commercial

  

% Hispanic

# Convenience outlets

 

Educational

  

% Food stamps

# Bakeries

 

Office

   

# Restaurants

 

Medical

   

# Other grocery outlets

% Drove alone to work

    

# Fruit and vegetable outlets

% Non-auto commuters

     

% < 15 min commute

     

% ≥ 30 min commute

Garden-adjacent

Multi-family residential

   

# Specialty food outlets

 
    

# Meat and fish outlets

 

No gardens

Single-family residential low density

Low access kids’ share at 1/2-mile (0.8 km)

Median home value

% Bachelor’s

  

Single-family residential medium density

 

% Owner occupied

   

Single-family residential high density

     

Developable agriculture

     

Developable land

     

Developing residential

     
  1. Table shows only results significant at the 10% level or better