Fig. 2

Maps illustrating the spatial distribution of malaria transmission using the basic reproduction number R₀ derived from a mathematical model. a Distribution of the baseline scenario obtained by replacing the variable temperature with the values of the year 2000; b malaria transmission map for future scenario corresponding to substituting temperature with the values of the year 2050. c, d Differences on the values of R₀ between the baseline (year 2000) and future scenario (2050) without (c) and with (d) interventions respectively. Without intervention means only the predicted values of temperatures are substituted into the expression of R₀ while with interventions signify that in addition to replacing the values of temperatures with the predicted values of the year 2050, a changes in the values of four model parameters (per mosquito biting rate a, the vector competence bc, the adult mosquito mortality rate µ, and the probability that mosquito eggs survive to become adult P _EA ) were conducted