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Table 2 Geospatial resource availability and precision for 183 countries

From: A cross-sectional ecological analysis of international and sub-national health inequalities in commercial geospatial resource availability

Availability and precision of geospatial data resources

No of countries (%)

Geocoding

ESRI

 Level 1: address searches likely to result in either precise coordinates or interpolated location along street for address

42 (23.0%)

 Level 2: address searches often result in precise coordinates or interpolated location along street, but sometimes street-level coordinates or coarser

16 (8.7%)

 Level 3: address searches sometimes result in precise coordinates or interpolated location along street, but more often street-level coordinates or coarser

51 (27.9%)

 Level 4: address searches result in imprecise locations, e.g. centroids of higher-level administrative boundaries

74 (40.4%)

Pitney Bowes Geocoding (highest precision available)

 Precise address point geocoding

20 (10.9%)

 Address geocoding

39 (21.3%)

 Street-level geocoding

60 (32.8%)

 Post code

34 (18.6%)

 Administrative boundaries or place-names

29 (15.8%)

 Not specified

1 (0.5%)

TomTom geocoding (highest precision available)

 Address point

42 (23.0%)

 Interpolated address

20 (10.9%)

 Street-level

77 (42.1%)

 Locality

44 (24.0%)

MapBox geocoding (highest precision available)

 Address geocoding

25 (13.7%)

 Postcode

20 (10.9%)

 Place-name

60 (32.8%)

 No service

79 (42.6%)

Loqate geocoding

 Premises—point

52 (28.4%)

 Premises

44 (24.0%)

 Thoroughfare

68 (37.2%)

 Locality

19 (10.4%)

Patient travel

ESRI/HERE travel times

 Predictive traffic: comprehensive street data with live, historic, and predictive traffic

11 (6.0%)

 Live traffic: comprehensive street data with live and historic traffic

40 (21.9%)

 Historical traffic: comprehensive street data with historic traffic only

20 (10.9%)

 Posted speed limits: comprehensive street data but with time-invariant travel times derived from speed limits

15 (8.2%)

 Limited street coverage: partial street data for major roads only without minor or secondary roads; time-invariant travel times derived from speed limits

73 (39.9%)

 Minimal street coverage: partial street data for some major roads only; no ground verification of network; no speed limit data

24 (13.1%)

Google travel times—traffic

 Traffic layer—available with good data quality and availability

91 (49.7%)

 Traffic layer—available with approximate data quality or availability

1 (0.5%)

 Traffic layer not available

91 (49.7%)

Google travel times—speed limits

 Speed limits—available with good data quality and availability

11 (6.0%)

 Speed limits—available with approximate data quality or availability

166 (90.7%)

 Speed limits not available

6 (3.3%)

Google travel times—cycling

 Cycling directions available

21 (11.5%)

 Cycling directions unavailable

162 (88.5%)

iGeolise TravelTime Platform

 Travel times for public transport and driving

23 (12.6%)

 Travel times for driving only

3 (1.6%)

 Travel times unavailable

157 (85.8%)

TomTom

 Online routing with traffic incidents and traffic flows

42 (23.0%)

 Online routing with traffic flows only

15 (8.2%)

 Online routing without traffic

57 (31.1%)

 No online routing

69 (37.7%)

MapBox

 Traffic layer available

33 (18.0%)

 Traffic layer unavailable

150 (82.0%)

Neighbourhood characterisation

Michael Bauer neighbourhood statistics

 Number of areal attribute groups per country—global mean (5th centile; 95th centile)

4 (0; 9)

 Mean population per areal unit by country—global median (5th centile; 95th centile)

130,000 (411; 23,801,400)

Mosaic Global

Geodemographic classification available

24 (13.1%)

Geodemographic classification unavailable

159 (86.9%)

Cameo worldwide

Geodemographic classification available

39 (21.3%)

Geodemographic classification unavailable

144 (78.7%)

Maptitude

Demographic data (beyond population headcounts) available

13 (7.1%)

Demographic data (beyond population headcounts) unavailable

170 (92.9%)