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Table 3 Presence of items on general characteristics along actual cycling routes compared to shortest cycling routes

From: Differences in physical environmental characteristics between adolescents’ actual and shortest cycling routes: a study using a Google Street View-based audit

Item

Actual cycling route (m/km; M ± SD)

Shortest cycling route (m/km; M ± SD)

OR (95% CI)

Road type

 Walking/cycling road

89 ± 99

62 ± 111

1.29 (0.82; 2.03)

 One road for one-direction traffic

120 ± 168

56 ± 107

1.43 (0.97; 2.11)t

 One road not divided into lanes

259 ± 232

160 ± 195

1.25 (0.99; 1.57)t

 One road divided in one lane each direction

82 ± 125

123 ± 199

0.86 (0.64; 1.15)

 Two roads divided in one lane each direction

21 ± 58

7 ± 24

2.44 (0.63; 9.41)

 Two roads divided in two lanes each direction

14 ± 46

130 ± 245

0.53 (0.28; 0.99)*

Speed limit

 30 km/h

145 ± 185

58 ± 131

1.50 (1.02; 2.21)*

 50 km/h

309 ± 261

316 ± 255

0.99 (0.83; 1.18)

 70 km/h or more

43 ± 87

106 ± 225

0.78 (0.57; 1.08)

Traffic calming measures

248 ± 222

344 ± 304

0.87 (0.73; 1.04)

Amount of side streets

13 ± 11

11 ± 10

1.02 (0.98; 1.07)

Amount of intersections

2 ± 2

3 ± 3

0.90 (0.75; 1.09)

Crossing aids

372 ± 247

414 ± 310

0.95 (0.80; 1.12)

Poor visibility when crossing a street

23 ± 54

4 ± 16

4.85 (0.80; 29.52)t

Well-maintained street segment

548 ± 267

531 ± 282

1.02 (0.86; 1.21)

Streetlights

522 ± 265

536 ± 290

0.98 (0.83; 1.16)

Parking facilities

 On street parking facilities

180 ± 173

122 ± 156

1.25 (0.93; 1.68)

 Parking facilities next to the street

210 ± 206

321 ± 297

0.84 (0.69; 1.02)t

 Parking facilities on adjacent parking

18 ± 62

3 ± 15

2.98 (0.44; 20.35)

 No parking facilities

88 ± 193

33 ± 55

1.45 (0.86; 2.44)

Slope

 Flat

546 ± 266

499 ± 297

1.06 (0.90; 1.25)

 Gentle to moderate slope

39 ± 62

41 ± 105

0.97 (0.56; 1.66)

Swerving alternatives

407 ± 254

353 ± 266

1.08 (0.91; 1.30)

Buildings

 No buildings with windows on street side

47 ± 182

30 ± 82

1.10 (0.78; 1.55)

 Few buildings with windows on street side

58 ± 78

22 ± 45

2.92 (1.12; 7.63)*

Many buildings with windows on street side

391 ± 248

427 ± 293

0.95 (0.80; 1.13)

Driveways

 No driveways

54 ± 136

65 ± 105

0.93 (0.63; 1.37)

 Approx. 25% of buildings have one driveway

181 ± 207

167 ± 238

1.03 (0.84; 1.27)

 Approx. 50% of buildings have one driveway

17 ± 29

35 ± 88

0.61 (0.25; 1.51)

 Most buildings have one driveway

244 ± 247

213 ± 259

1.05 (0.88; 1.26)

Garages

 No garages

228 ± 240

187 ± 175

1.10 (0.88; 1.38)

 Approx. 25% of buildings have one garage

252 ± 228

270 ± 273

0.97 (0.81; 1.17)

 Approx. 50% of buildings or more have one garage

17 ± 32

22 ± 47

0.72 (0.22; 2.32)

  1. Reference = shortest cycling route. Results regarding ‘one road divided in two lanes each direction’ (road type) are not shown since this road type did not appear along the routes. For ease of interpretation of OR, distances were converted to hectometres (100 m/km)
  2. OR odds ratio, CI confidence interval
  3. *p ≤ 0.05; **p ≤ 0.01; tp ≤ 0.1