Social and physical environmental correlates of independent mobility in children: a systematic review taking sex/gender differences into account

Table 1 Characteristics of studies included (n = 27 studies)

Characteristics	N (%)	Study source
Study design
Cross-sectional	23 (85)	[12, 23,24,25,26, 32, 33, 35, 36, 48, 50, 51, 53,54,55,56,57,58,59, 61,62,63,64]
Longitudinal including cross-sectional analyses	2 (8)	[27, 49]
Longitudinal	2 (8)	[52, 60]
Sample size
< 500	14 (52)	[12, 25, 27, 49, 53, 55,56,57,58,59,60,61, 63, 64]
> 500	13 (48)	[23, 24, 26, 32, 33, 35, 36, 48, 50,51,52, 54, 62]
Geographic origin
Europe	11 (41)	[12, 23, 25, 35, 51, 52, 56, 58, 59, 62, 64]
North America/Canada	5 (18)	[24, 26, 32, 61, 63]
Australia/New Zealand	10 (37)	[27, 33, 36, 48, 49, 53,54,55, 57, 60]
Asia	1 (4)	[50]
Publication year
2010–2017	23 (85)	[23,24,25,26,27, 32, 33, 35, 36, 48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55, 57,58,59,60,61, 63]
1990–2009	4 (15)	[12, 56, 62, 64]
IM definition^a
CIM range	3 (11)	[35, 56, 63]
CIM time	0
CIM destination	18 (67)	[23, 25, 26, 32, 33, 36, 48, 51,52,53,54,55, 57,58,59,60, 62, 64]
CIM license	10 (37)	[12, 23, 24, 27, 49, 53, 56, 58, 61, 64]
No response	1 (4)	[50]
IM Measurement
Child reported	6 (22)	[51, 52, 55, 59, 60, 62]
Parent reported	10 (37)	[12, 24,25,26,27, 35, 49, 56, 61, 63]
Child and parent reported	10 (37)	[23, 32, 33, 36, 48, 53, 54, 57, 58, 64]
No response	1 (4)	[50]
Correlates measurement
Objective	1 (4)	[51]
Subjective	10 (37)	[12, 24,25,26,27, 35, 56, 59, 62, 63]
Objective and subjective	16 (59)	[23, 32, 33, 36, 48,49,50, 52,53,54,55, 57, 58, 60, 61, 64]

ISSN: 1476-072X