Continuities and changes in spatial patterns of under-five mortality at the district level in India (1991–2011)

Table 3 OLS regression estimates for under-five mortality rate at the district level, in the 1991 and 2011 censuses

	1991					2011
	Estimate	Std. error	t-value	p value	vif	Estimate	Std. error	t-value	p value	vif
(Intercept)	172.54	6.56	26.28	0.00***		138.78	7.35	18.88	0.00***
Female literacy	− 1.08	0.11	− 9.80	0.00***	2.09	− 0.69	0.10	− 6.99	0.00***	2.79
Female labor force participation rate	− 0.34	0.09	− 3.67	0.00***	1.67	− 0.21	0.08	− 2.75	0.01**	1.93
Female scheduled caste and tribe	0.16	0.08	2.11	0.04*	1.54	0.27	0.04	6.06	0.00***	1.69
Access to sanitation facilities	0.07	0.08	0.80	0.43	1.56	− 0.13	0.05	− 2.61	0.01**	2.89
Access to safe water	− 0.18	0.07	− 2.54	0.01*	1.34	0.05	0.04	1.17	0.24	1.34
Road infrastructure	− 0.33	0.07	− 4.57	0.00***	2.09	− 0.04	0.03	− 1.32	0.19	1.56
Access to medical facilities	− 0.03	0.05	− 0.65	0.52	1.57	− 0.09	0.04	− 2.49	0.01*	1.54
Urbanization	− 0.21	0.10	− 2.15	0.03*	1.53	0.18	0.05	3.45	0.00***	1.93
Access to electricity	0.03	0.08	0.44	0.66	2.18	− 0.18	0.04	− 3.89	0.00***	3.10
R²	0.46					0.52
AICc	4296.81					3735.52

vif is variance inflation factor, which quantifies the severity of multicollinearity in an ordinary least squares regression analysis
*p < 0.05; **p < 0.01; ***p < 0.001

ISSN: 1476-072X