Table 1 List of studies reviewed on geographic variation in CMRFs
| Â | First author Country | Sample Age group | Design Geographic units | CMRFsa (data source) | Outcome |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | Lawlor et al. UK [19] | 4286 (women) 60–79 years | Cross-sectional 4 regions within country | HT, BMI, LDL, TC (data collected) | Geographic variation |
2 | Barker et al. USA [20] | 813,498 DM ≥18 years | Cross-sectional 644 counties in proximity | DM prevalence ≥ 11.0%, (behavioral risk factor surveillance) | Geographic diabetic belt |
3 | Valdes et al. Spain [18] | 5103 adults ≥ 18 years | Cross-sectional 2 region within country | BP, BMI, FPG,TC, WC (Di@bet.es study) | Geographic coherence |
4 | Astell-Burt et al. Australia [37] | 114,755 adults ≥ 45 years | Cross-sectional ~ 40 local government areas (2011 significant urban boundary) | DM (the 45 and up study) | Geographic variation |
5 | Zhou et al. China [17] | 98,058 adults > 18 years | Cross-sectional multilevel 31 provinces in country | DM (National Health Survey) | Geographic variation |
6 | Paquet et al. AU-France [16] | Au: 3893 (≥ 18 years) Fr: 6430 (30–79 years) | Cross-sectional multilevel Au: 767 CDs (SS, POA, SLA LGA). Fr: 1866 IRIS (TRIRIS, Municipalities) | BP,BMI,WC,FG,HbA1c,HR, TC,HDL, TG, (Au: NWAHS study, Fr: RECORD cohort study) | Geographic clustering |
7 | Alkerwi et al. Luxemberg [15] | 1432 subjects 18–69 years. | Cross-sectional multilevel 106 municipalities (12 cantons) | BMI, FPG,TC, GFR (ORISCAV-LUX national survey) | Geographic variation |
8 | Oh et al. South Korea [13] | 228,921 people ≥ 19 years | Cross-sectional 230 administrative districts | HT, DM (Korean Community Health Surveys) | Geographic clustering |