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Table 3 Thematic mapping of data categories from all included studies

From: Geographic and area-level socioeconomic variation in cardiometabolic risk factor distribution: a systematic review of the literature

Theme

Study origin

Representation

Ecological context

Nature of problem

Evidence Strength

Data map

Reference

Nation (status)

 Region

Sample frame

Sampling

Response or retention  %

Geographic unit and/or ASED

Cardiometabolic risk nature

Data source

Analyses

1.

Roux et al. [30]

USA (Industrialised)

North America

Population and service providers' lists

79% retention

Small area

ASED: income, education, occupation

Biochemical, anthropometric

Physiological

Self-report, PE, Specimen tests

Statistical

2.

Lawlor et al. [19]

UK (Industrialised)

Western Europe

Service provider’s list

Random

60% response

Large area

Biochemical, anthropometric, physiological

Self-report, PE, Specimen tests, MR

Statistical

3.

Mujahid et al. [28] USA (Industrialised)

North America

Population list1

Random

81% retention

Small area

ASED: income, education, occupation

Anthropometric

Self-report, PE

Statistical

4.

Lawlor et al. [34]

UK (Industrialised)

Western Europe

Service provider’s list

Random

60% response

Median area

ASED: employment, housing, transport, social class

Biochemical, anthropometric,

physiological

Self-report, PE, Specimen tests, MR

Statistical

5.

Cubbin et al. [31]

Sweden(Industrialised)

Northern Europe

Population list2

Random4

~ 80% response

Small area

ASED: population structure, education, unemployment etc.

Anthropometric, physiological, diagnostic: DM

Self-report

Statistical

6.

Cox et al. [24]

Scotland (Industrialised)

Western Europe

Service provider’s list

~Purposive

Small area

ASED: employment, housing, transport, social class

Diagnostic—T2DM

Medical record

Spatial and Statistical

7.

Dragano et al. [32]

GR-Czech(Industrialised)

Western—Central Europe

Population list

Random

56 and 55% responses

Small area

ASED: unemployment

overcrowding

Anthropometric, physiological

Self-report, PE

Statistical

8.

Andersen et al. [35]

UK (Industrialised)

Western Europe

Service provider’s lists

Random

60% response

Small area

ASED: employment, housing, transport, social class

Biochemical

Self-report, PE, MR

Statistical

9.

Naimi et al. [36]

Canada (Industrialised)

North America

Population list

Stratified cluster sampling

15% response

Medium area

ASED: Education

employment

Anthropometric, biochemical

Self-report, PE, Specimen tests

Statistical

10.

Barker et al. [20]

USA (Industrialised)

North America

Population list

Random

50.6% response

Medium area

Anthropometric, biochemical

Self-report

Statistical

11.

Silhol et al. [33]

France (Industrialised)

Western Europe

Employees lists

~purposive

Medium area

ASED: higher job, education

Anthropometric, biochemical physiological

Self-report, Employers data, Insurance data

Spatial and Statistical

12.

Keita et al. [22]

USA (Industrialised)

North America

Population list

Small area

ASED: income, housing education and occupation

Biochemical, anthropometric

physiological

Self-report, PE, Specimen tests

Statistical

13.

Clark et al. [23]

USA (Industrialised)

North America 6

Population list

Random

Medium area

ASED :10 components

Biochemical, anthropometric

physiological

PE, Specimen tests

Statistical

14.

Valdes et al. [18]

Spain (Industrialised)

Southern Europe

Population list

Cluster –random

54.6% response

Large area

Anthropometric, 

hysiological,

biochemical

Self-report, PE, Specimen tests

Statistical

15.

Astell-Burt et al. [14]

Australia (Industrialised)

Oceania

Population (insurance) lists

Random

Medium area

Biochemical, physiological

Self-report

Spatial and Statistical

16.

Unger et al. [27]

USA (Industrialised)

North America

Population and service provider’s list

(~ purposive)

Medium area

ASED: income, housing, education, occupation.

Anthropometric biochemical

physiological

Self-report, PE, Specimen tests

Statistical

17.

Maier et al. [29]

Germany(Industrialised)

West - Central Europe

Population list

Random

29.1% response

Large area.

ASED: income, employment, education, revenue, social capital, environment, security

Anthropometric

Diagnostic—T2DM

Self-report

Statistical

18.

Zhou et al. [17]

China (Developing)

East Asia

Population (survey) list

Random

90.5% response

Large area

Anthropometric

biochemical

Self-report, Specimen tests

Statistical

19.

Bonney et al. [26]

Australia (Industrialised)

Oceania

Service provider’s list

(~ purposive)

Small area.

ASED: income, education, employment, family structure, disability, housing, transport and internet connection

Anthropometric

Medical record

Statistical

20.

Gabert et al. [25]

USA (Industrialised)

North America 8

Employees list

83.6% response

Small area

ASED: income, education, insurance

Biochemical

Medical record

Spatial and Statistical

21.

Paquet et al. [16]

AU-France

(Industrialised)

Oceania - West Europe

Australia: Population list

(Random 13/49.4% response 3) France: Employees list

(Purposive/83.6% response)

Small area

Anthropometric,

biochemical,

hysiological

PE, Specimen tests

Spatial and Statistical

22.

Alkerwi et al. [15]

Luxemberg (Industrialised)

Western Europe

Population (survey) list

stratified random

32.2% response

Medium area

Physiological,

biochemical

Self-report, PE, Specimen tests

Spatial and Statistical

23.

Oh et al. [13]

South Korea (Developing)

East Asia

Population (ministry) lists

~purposive

Medium area

Biochemical,

physiological,

diagnostic

Self-report

Spatial and Statistical

24.

Barber et al. [21]

Brazil (Developing)

South America

Employees lists

~purposive

Large area

ASED: income

Biochemical,

anthropometric,

physiological

Self-report, PE, Specimen tests

Spatial and Statistical