Table 1 Population characteristics by sex and urban designation
From: Urban environment as an independent predictor of insulin resistance in a South Asian population
Characteristics | Females | Males | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
Rural (N = 1467) | Urban (N = 2203) | Rural (N = 1054) | Urban (N = 1626) | |
Age (years)b | 40.1 (9.2) | 40.3 ± 9.5 | 45.4 (10.7) | 44.1 (10.4) |
FBS (mg/dL)a | 94.5 (9.6) | 92.4 (8.6) | 92.6 (9.6) | 92.2 (9.7) |
Insulin (mIU/L)a,b | 7.87 (5.24) | 8.93 (7.58) | 6.45 (4.66) | 8.02 (6.07) |
HOMA-IR (mg/dL)a,b | 1.87 (1.29) | 2.06 (1.79) | 1.49 (1.09) | 1.85 (1.53) |
Energy intake (kcal)a,b | 2338.4 (685.6) | 2446.9 (704.2) | 2952.0 (807.7) | 3210.4 (928.1) |
BMI ≤ 24.9a,b | 852 (58.1%) | 938 (42.6%) | 790 (75%) | 1011 (62.2%) |
BMI ≥ 25a,b | 615 (41.9%) | 1265 (57.4%) | 264 (25%) | 615 (37.8%) |
Socioeconomic scorea,b | 11.9 (4.2) | 12.7 (4.2) | 13.2 (4.5) | 14.2 (4.9) |
Stress scorea,b | 4.1 (3.4) | 4.9 (3.0) | 4.5 (3.2) | 5.1 (2.7) |
Physical activity | Â | Â | Â | Â |
 Lowa,b | 207 (14.1%) | 368 (16.7%) | 242 (23%) | 481 (29.6%) |
 Moderate | 1194 (81.4%) | 1804 (81.9%) | 680 (64.5%) | 1044 (64.2%) |
 Higha,b | 64 (4.4%) | 31 (1.4%) | 132 (12.5%) | 100 (6.2%) |
Smoking | Â | Â | Â | Â |
 Smokersa,b | 9 (0.6%) | 70 (3.2%) | 422 (40%) | 444 (27.3%) |
 Non-smokersa,b | 1458 (99.4%) | 2133 (96.8%) | 632 (60%) | 1182 (72.7%) |