Methodological approaches to the study of cancer risk in the vicinity of pollution sources: the experience of a population-based case–control study of childhood cancer

García-Pérez, Javier; Gómez-Barroso, Diana; Tamayo-Uria, Ibon; Ramis, Rebeca

doi:10.1186/s12942-019-0176-x

International Journal of Health Geographics

Table 1 Industrial groups and amounts (in kg) released by facilities in 2009, by groups of carcinogens and toxic substances

From: Methodological approaches to the study of cancer risk in the vicinity of pollution sources: the experience of a population-based case–control study of childhood cancer

Industrial group (no. industries)	E-PRTR category	IARC groups^a (amounts in kg)			Groups of toxic substances^b (amounts in kg)
Industrial group (no. industries)	E-PRTR category	Group 1	Group 2A	Group 2B	Metals	Pesticides	PACs	Non-HPCs	Plasticizers	POPs	VOCs	Solvents	Other
Combustion installations (42)	1.c	1,311,336	275	0	5029	0	548	0	0	548	333,457	1676	1,307,481
Refineries and coke ovens (4)	1.a, 1.d	443,462	206	22	18,556	0	315	0	0	315	2,810,616	5177	422,599
Production and processing of metals (119)	2.a, 2.b, 2.c.i, 2.c.ii, 2.d, 2.e	1,172,280	12,911	34	160,275	35	2212	2	0	2223	830,065	33,221	1,132,947
Galvanization (19)	2.c.iii	4389	95	0	1085	0	0.02	0	0	0.02	719	0	4367
Surface treatment of metals and plastic (197)	2.f	68,828	580	206	10,290	87	12	0	200	99	2,898,336	1490	63,145
Mining industry (39)	3.a, 3.b	1,246,894	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	48,613	0	1,246,894
Cement and lime (33)	3.c, 3.d	1,429,626	331	1085	1777	0	415	0	560	334	304,099	6405	1,422,443
Glass and mineral fibers (20)	3.e, 3.f	419,668	1715	92	3980	0	5	0.001	0	5	2,506,147	870	417,528
Ceramic (86)	3.g	560,042	262	2	2543	0	0.02	0	0	0.02	109,861	410	558,235
Organic chemical industry (106)	4.a	375,168	432	19,137	3221	0.1	472	2042	0.2	465	2,758,750	22,757	308,124
Inorganic chemical industry (46)	4.b	56,575	77	18	1249	3	0.1	0	0	4	16,041	19	55,957
Fertilizers (10)	4.c	23,512	0	2	537	0	0	0	0	0	59	0	23,512
Biocides (12)	4.d	4601	81	0.2	21	0	0	0	0	0	2860	81	4601
Pharmaceutical products (41)	4.e	2561	314,238	91,882	436	0	0.01	0	0	0.01	3,252,059	406,243	2480
Explosives and pyrotechnics (9)	4.f	111	374	0	395	0	0	0	0	0	454	0	101
Hazardous waste (60)	5.a, 5.b	29,578	417	70	1976	0.4	95	0	0	96	54,009	259	28,718
Non-hazardous waste (86)	5.c, 5.d	18,551	331	64	8490	54	0.3	17	6	33	138,044	357	16,210
Disposal or recycling of animal waste (18)	5.e	23,136	0	0	2	0	0.8	0	0	0.8	5397	0	23,135
Urban waste-water treatment plants (53)	5.f, 5.g	10,834	1432	80	43,128	174	49	554	0	48	173,123	107	172
Paper and wood production (63)	6.a, 6.b, 6.c	547,721	146	1	1863	11	0.4	0	0.02	11	1,372,034	4494	542,628
Pre-treatment or dyeing of textiles (9)	9.a	2278	0	0	60	0	0	0	0	0	6238	0	2274
Tanning of hides and skins (2)	9.b	18	0	0	18	0	0	0	0	0	139	0	0
Food and beverage sector (145)	8.a, 8.b, 8.c	244,617	1	0.01	377	0	0.04	0	0	0.01	593,932	0.3	244,539
Surface treatment using organic solvents (50)	9.c	63,019	193	203	2964	67	0.01	0	0	67	8,837,821	1812	62,608
Production of carbon or electro-graphite (2)	9.d	18,917	0	0	0	0	37	0	0	37	8500	0	18,880
Total (1271)		8,077,722	334,095	112,899	268,272	431	4162	2615	766	4287	27,061,375	485,378	7,909,578

OR odds ratio, 95% CI 95% confidence interval
^aIARC carcinogenic classification: Group 1: carcinogens to humans (arsenic and compounds, cadmium and compounds, chromium and compounds, nickel and compounds, lindane, dioxins + furans, polychlorinated biphenyls, trichloroethylene, vinyl chloride, benzene, ethylene oxide, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, particulate matter (PM₁₀), total suspended particulate matter, and benzo(a)pyrene); Group 2A: probably carcinogenic to humans (lead and compounds, dichloromethane, tetrachloroethylene, DDT, and hexabromobiphenyl); Group 2B: possibly carcinogenic to humans (chlordane, 1,2-dichloroethane, dichloromethane, heptachlor, hexachlorobenzene, 1,2,3,4,5,6-hexachlorocyclohexane, lindane, mirex, pentachlorophenol, tetrachloromethane, trichloromethane, ethyl benzene, naphthalene, di-(2-ethyl hexyl) phthalate, cobalt and compounds, benzo(b)fluoranthene, benzo(k)fluoranthene, and indeno(1,2,3-cd)pyrene)
^bMetals (arsenic and compounds, cadmium and compounds, chromium and compounds, copper and compounds, mercury and compounds, nickel and compounds, lead and compounds, zinc and compounds, thallium, antimony, cobalt, manganese, and vanadium); Pesticides (alachlor, aldrin, atrazine, chlordane, chlorfenvinphos, chlorpyrifos, DDT, dieldrin, diuron, endosulfan, endrin, heptachlor, lindane, mirex, pentachlorobenzene, pentachlorophenol, simazine, isoproturon, organotin compounds, tributyltin and compounds, triphenyltin and compounds, trifluralin, and isodrin); PACs: Polycyclic aromatic chemicals (anthracene, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, fluoranthene, benzo(g,h,i)perylene, benzo(a)pyrene, benzo(b)fluoranthene, benzo(k)fluoranthene, and indeno(1,2,3-cd)pyrene); Non-HPCs: Non-halogenated phenolic chemicals (nonylphenol and nonylphenol ethoxylates, and octylphenols and octylphenol ethoxylates); Plasticizers (di-(2-ethyl hexyl) phthalate); POPs: Persistent organic pollutants (aldrin, chlordane, DDT, dieldrin, endosulfan, endrin, heptachlor, hexachlorobenzene, 1,2,3,4,5,6-hexachlorocyclohexane, lindane, mirex, dioxins + furans, pentachlorobenzene, polychlorinated biphenyls, brominated diphenylethers, organotin compounds, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, hexabromobiphenyl, benzo(a)pyrene, benzo(b)fluoranthene, and benzo(k)fluoranthene); VOCs: Volatile organic compounds (non-methane volatile organic compounds, 1,2-dichloroethane, dichloromethane, hexachlorobutadiene, tetrachloroethylene, trichlorobenzenes, 1,1,1-trichloroethane, trichloroethylene, trichloromethane, vinyl chloride, benzene, ethyl benzene, ethylene oxide, and naphthalene); Solvents (1,2-dichloroethane, dichloromethane, tetrachloroethylene, trichlorobenzenes, 1,1,1-trichloroethane, trichloroethylene, trichloromethane, benzene, ethyl benzene, toluene, and xylenes); Other (tetrachloromethane, particulate matter (PM₁₀), and total suspended particulate matter)

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ISSN: 1476-072X

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