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Table 5 ORs of childhood tumors for the “near vs. far” analysis by category of pollutants (≤ 2.5 km)

From: Methodological approaches to the study of cancer risk in the vicinity of pollution sources: the experience of a population-based case–control study of childhood cancer

Groups of pollutants (≤ 2.5 km)

Leukemias [8]

Renal [5]

Bone [4]

OR (95% CI)

OR (95% CI)

OR (95% CI)

IARC groups a

Group 1

1.35 (1.05–1.73)

2.02 (1.15–3.52)

2.28 (1.13–4.62)

Group 2A

1.48 (1.13–1.93)

2.13 (1.19–3.81)

1.97 (0.92–4.22)

Group 2B

1.54 (1.14–2.07)

2.26 (1.22–4.19)

2.20 (0.95–5.07)

Groups of toxic substances b

Metals

1.40 (1.08–1.80)

2.05 (1.16–3.63)

2.25 (1.09–4.63)

Pesticides

1.61 (1.14–2.27)

2.88 (1.46–5.65)

3.43 (1.42–8.28)

PACs

1.57 (1.16–2.11)

2.16 (1.16–4.03)

2.50 (1.08–5.80)

Non-HPCs

1.71 (1.21–2.40)

2.18 (1.07–4.45)

3.06 (1.11–8.46)

Plasticizers

1.67 (1.10–2.55)

1.32 (0.53–3.29)

3.46 (1.06–11.27)

POPs

1.58 (1.19–2.10)

2.51 (1.38–4.56)

2.86 (1.31–6.26)

VOCs

1.38 (1.07–1.78)

1.90 (1.08–3.35)

1.98 (0.96–4.09)

Solvents

1.61 (1.20–2.14)

2.37 (1.30–4.34)

2.30 (1.04–5.09)

Other

1.37 (1.06–1.77)

2.04 (1.16–3.59)

2.40 (1.18–4.90)

  1. OR odds ratio, 95% CI 95% confidence interval
  2. aIARC carcinogenic classification: Group 1: carcinogens to humans (arsenic and compounds, cadmium and compounds, chromium and compounds, nickel and compounds, lindane, dioxins + furans, polychlorinated biphenyls, trichloroethylene, vinyl chloride, benzene, ethylene oxide, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, particulate matter (PM10), total suspended particulate matter, and benzo(a)pyrene); Group 2A: probably carcinogenic to humans (lead and compounds, dichloromethane, tetrachloroethylene, DDT, and hexabromobiphenyl); Group 2B: possibly carcinogenic to humans (chlordane, 1,2-dichloroethane, heptachlor, hexachlorobenzene, 1,2,3,4,5,6-hexachlorocyclohexane, mirex, pentachlorophenol, tetrachloromethane, trichloromethane, ethyl benzene, naphthalene, di-(2-ethyl hexyl) phthalate, cobalt and compounds, benzo(b)fluoranthene, benzo(k)fluoranthene, and indeno(1,2,3-cd)pyrene)
  3. bMetals (arsenic and compounds, cadmium and compounds, chromium and compounds, copper and compounds, mercury and compounds, nickel and compounds, lead and compounds, zinc and compounds, thallium, antimony, cobalt, manganese, and vanadium); Pesticides (alachlor, aldrin, atrazine, chlordane, chlorfenvinphos, chlorpyrifos, DDT, dieldrin, diuron, endosulfan, endrin, heptachlor, lindane, mirex, pentachlorobenzene, pentachlorophenol, simazine, isoproturon, organotin compounds, tributyltin and compounds, triphenyltin and compounds, trifluralin, and isodrin); PACs: Polycyclic aromatic chemicals (anthracene, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, fluoranthene, benzo(g,h,i)perylene, benzo(a)pyrene, benzo(b)fluoranthene, benzo(k)fluoranthene, and indeno(1,2,3-cd)pyrene); Non-HPCs: Non-halogenated phenolic chemicals (nonylphenol and nonylphenol ethoxylates, and octylphenols and octylphenol ethoxylates); Plasticizers (di-(2-ethyl hexyl) phthalate); POPs: Persistent organic pollutants (aldrin, chlordane, DDT, dieldrin, endosulfan, endrin, heptachlor, hexachlorobenzene, 1,2,3,4,5,6-hexachlorocyclohexane, lindane, mirex, dioxins + furans, pentachlorobenzene, polychlorinated biphenyls, brominated diphenylethers, organotin compounds, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, hexabromobiphenyl, benzo(a)pyrene, benzo(b)fluoranthene, and benzo(k)fluoranthene); VOCs: Volatile organic compounds (non-methane volatile organic compounds, 1,2-dichloroethane, dichloromethane, hexachlorobutadiene, tetrachloroethylene, trichlorobenzenes, 1,1,1-trichloroethane, trichloroethylene, trichloromethane, vinyl chloride, benzene, ethyl benzene, ethylene oxide, and naphthalene); Solvents (1,2-dichloroethane, dichloromethane, tetrachloroethylene, trichlorobenzenes, 1,1,1-trichloroethane, trichloroethylene, trichloromethane, benzene, ethyl benzene, toluene, and xylenes); Other (tetrachloromethane, particulate matter (PM10), and total suspended particulate matter)
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International Journal of Health Geographics

ISSN: 1476-072X