Table 1 Comparison of indoor positioning approaches
Indoor positioning technology | Infrastructure | Hardware | Popular measurement methods | Popular techniques | Accuracy |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Computer vision | Dedicated infrastructure not required | Camera or inbuilt camera of smartphone | Pattern recognition | Scene analysis | Low to medium |
Motion detection | Dedicated infrastructure not required | Inertial sensor or inbuilt sensors of smartphone | Tracking | Dead reckoning | Medium |
Wi-Fi | Utilize existing infrastructure of building | Wi-Fi access points and smartphone | RSS | Fingerprinting and trilateration | Low to medium |
Bluetooth | Dedicated infrastructure required | BLE beacons and smartphone | RSS and Proximity | Fingerprinting and trilateration | Medium |
RFID | Dedicated infrastructure required | RFID tags and RFID tag readers | RSS and proximity | Fingerprinting | Medium |
VLC | Dedicated infrastructure not required | LED lights and Photo detector | RSS and AOA | Trilateration and triangulation | Medium to high |
UWB | Dedicated infrastructure required | UWB tags and UWB tag reader | TOA, TDOA | Trilateration | High |