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Table 10 Comparison of developed indoor navigation systems

From: Comparative analysis of computer-vision and BLE technology based indoor navigation systems for people with visual impairments

Reference

Technology

System

Techniques

Tested by

Test

Feedback

Accuracy

Remarks

CamNav

Computer vision

Smartphone, laptop

CNN based scene recognition

Blindfolded

Error occurred during navigation and navigation time

Voice

Medium

(−) Hard to differentiate indoor locations with similar appearance

QRNav

Computer vision

Smartphone, laptop, QR codes

QR code recognition

Blindfolded

Error occurred during navigation and navigation time

Voice

Medium

(−) Requires large amount of QR codes for safe navigation

BLE base system

BLE

Beacons and smartphone

Fingerprinting and trilateration

Blindfolded

Error occurred during navigation and navigation time

Voice

Low

(−) Relatively low accuracy resulted in navigation errors