Spatial predictive properties of built environment characteristics assessed by drop-and-spin virtual neighborhood auditing

Plascak, Jesse J.; Schootman, Mario; Rundle, Andrew G.; Xing, Cathleen; Llanos, Adana A. M.; Stroup, Antoinette M.; Mooney, Stephen J.

doi:10.1186/s12942-020-00213-5

International Journal of Health Geographics

Table 3 Prediction ability of neighborhood audit item responses by spatial scale (large/small) and rater adjustment

From: Spatial predictive properties of built environment characteristics assessed by drop-and-spin virtual neighborhood auditing

Audit item	Detrending	ROC AUC prediction*
Audit item	Detrending	Large-scale/Rater	+ Small-scale Kriging	%Change of rater adjustment, full equation	%Change large- vs small-scale
Garbage	3rd order spatial	0.755	0.856		13.4
Garbage	3rd order spatial + rater	0.874	0.919	7.36	5.1
Abandoned cars	3rd order spatial	0.881	0.996		13.1
Abandoned cars	3rd order spatial + rater	0.952	0.994	− 0.2	4.4
Building conditions ≥ moderate	3rd order spatial	0.852	0.902		5.9
Building conditions ≥ moderate	3rd order spatial + rater	0.880	0.916	1.55	4.1
Yard conditions ≥ moderate	3rd order spatial	0.897	0.934		4.1
Yard conditions ≥ moderate	3rd order spatial + rater	0.921	0.946	1.28	2.7
Dumpster	3rd order spatial	0.714	0.842		17.9
Dumpster	3rd order spatial + rater	0.714	0.849	0.83	18.9
Graffiti	3rd order spatial	0.871	0.914		4.9
Graffiti	3rd order spatial + rater	0.887	0.923	0.98	4.1
Boarded/burned building	3rd order spatial	0.851	0.914		7.4
Boarded/burned building	3rd order spatial + rater	0.850	0.915	0.11	7.6
Outdoor seating	3rd order spatial	0.562	0.735		30.8
Outdoor seating	3rd order spatial + rater	0.679	0.767	4.35	13
Team sports	3rd order spatial	0.591	0.915		54.8
Team sports	3rd order spatial + rater	0.683	0.894	− 2.3	30.9
Yard decorations	3rd order spatial	0.667	0.825		23.7
Yard decorations	3rd order spatial + rater	0.708	0.852	3.27	20.3
Fences	3rd order spatial	0.710	0.884		24.5
Fences	3rd order spatial + rater	0.736	0.897	1.47	21.9
Sidewalk present	3rd order spatial	0.814	0.950		16.7
Sidewalk present	3rd order spatial + rater	0.814	0.943	− 0.74	15.8
Complete sidewalk	3rd order spatial	0.683	0.842		23.3
Complete sidewalk	3rd order spatial + rater	0.726	0.855	1.54	17.8
Sidewalk condition	3rd order spatial	0.662	0.771		16.5
Sidewalk condition	3rd order spatial + rater	0.697	0.775	0.52	11.2
Sidewalk width	3rd order spatial	0.830	0.897		8.1
Sidewalk width	3rd order spatial + rater	0.831	0.901	0.45	8.4
Sidewalk from curb distance	3rd order spatial	0.586	0.978		66.9
Sidewalk from curb distance	3rd order spatial + rater	0.724	0.914	− 6.54	26.2
Car obstruction	3rd order spatial	0.626	0.879		40.4
Car obstruction	3rd order spatial + rater	0.663	0.881	0.23	32.9
Garbage can obstruction	3rd order spatial	0.674	0.929		37.8
Garbage can obstruction	3rd order spatial + rater	0.695	0.917	− 1.29	31.9
Pole or sign obstruction	3rd order spatial	0.592	0.900		52
Pole or sign obstruction	3rd order spatial + rater	0.726	0.876	− 2.67	20.7
Other obstruction	3rd order spatial	0.689	0.870		26.3
Other obstruction	3rd order spatial + rater	0.694	0.871	0.11	25.5
Curb cuts	3rd order spatial	0.559	0.710		27
Curb cuts	3rd order spatial + rater	0.669	0.716	0.85	7
Clear intersection	3rd order spatial	0.681	0.851		25
Clear intersection	3rd order spatial + rater	0.684	0.852	0.12	24.6
Pedestrian crossing sign	3rd order spatial	0.669	0.827		23.6
Pedestrian crossing sign	3rd order spatial + rater	0.664	0.809	− 2.18	21.8
Pedestrian signal	3rd order spatial	0.651	0.908		39.5
Pedestrian signal	3rd order spatial + rater	0.679	0.897	− 1.21	32.1
Pedestrian crossing marks	3rd order spatial	0.731	0.871		19.2
Pedestrian crossing marks	3rd order spatial + rater	0.725	0.860	− 1.26	18.6
Type of pedestrian crosswalk marks	3rd order spatial	0.697	0.931		33.6
Type of pedestrian crosswalk marks	3rd order spatial + rater	0.709	0.934	0.32	31.7
traffic signal type	3rd order spatial	0.661	0.841		27.2
traffic signal type	3rd order spatial + rater	0.699	0.838	− 0.36	19.9
One-way street	3rd order spatial	0.789	0.931		18
One-way street	3rd order spatial + rater	0.793	0.923	− 0.86	16.4
Number of lanes	3rd order spatial	0.676	0.920		36.1
Number of lanes	3rd order spatial + rater	0.674	0.948	3.04	40.7
Presence of highway	3rd order spatial	0.838	0.993		18.5
Presence of highway	3rd order spatial + rater	0.838	0.993	0	18.5
Highway is barrier	3rd order spatial	0.563	0.833		48
Highway is barrier	3rd order spatial + rater	0.479	0.583	− 30.01	21.7

*The area under the curve (AUC) of receiver operator curves (ROC) resulting from each item-specific logistic regression of the validation dataset was calculated where observed audit item response was the dependent variable and predicted response probability was the single independent variable measured as a continuous variable

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