Table 1 Component themes and indicators selected to contribute to the gender-based vulnerability index
Component theme | Indicators | Source |
|---|---|---|
Indicators derived from the IOM survey include a description of the question asked, codification of responses, and determination of relative vulnerability in this study Indicators derived from alternate sources include a description of how that indicator was measured and the determination of relative vulnerability in this study | ||
Demographics | Percentage of pregnant women. Increasing percentages were considered ‘more vulnerable’. Numerical score reported as a decimal (0–1) | IOM Survey |
Percentage of women lactating. Increasing percentages were considered ‘more vulnerable’. Numerical score reported as a decimal (0–1) | IOM Survey | |
Education | Presence of barriers to education for adolescent girls: ‘Are there any barriers to accessing education for adolescent girls?’ Responses were codified as ‘yes’, ‘no’, and ‘don’t know’ Presence of barriers to education was defined as ‘more vulnerable’. Numerical score = 1 if barriers were present | IOM Survey |
Health | Access to antenatal care: ‘Do people face problems accessing antenatal care?’ Responses were codified as ‘yes’, ‘no’, ‘no access’, and ‘don’t know’ In this study, problems accessing antenatal care and ‘no access’ were considered equally ‘more vulnerable’. Numerical score = 1 if ‘no access’ or ‘problems accessing’ | IOM Survey |
Access psychosocial support services: ‘Do people face problems accessing psychosocial support?’ Responses were codified as ‘yes’, ‘no’, ‘no access’, and ‘don’t know’ In this study, problems accessing psychiatric support services and ‘no access’ were considered equally ‘more vulnerable’. Numerical score = 1 if ‘no access’ or ‘problems accessing’ | IOM Survey | |
Access to vaccinations: ‘Do people face problems accessing vaccination services?’. Responses were codified as ‘yes’, ‘no’, ‘no access’, and ‘don’t know’ In this study, problems accessing vaccinations and ‘no access’ were considered equally ‘more vulnerable’. Numerical score = 1 if ‘no access’ or ‘problems accessing’ | IOM Survey | |
Distance to the nearest healthcare facility: Healthcare facilities’ locations were identified, and Euclidean distance between the nearest facility and the settlement site were determined in ArcGIS ‘Vulnerability’ was considered to increase with distance to facility. Score = distance/max distance as described in the narrative | REACH and UNFPA | |
Water, Sanitation, and Hygiene (WASH) | Perception of ‘enough water for household needs’: ‘Is there enough water to meet household needs in this settlement/camp?’ Responses were codified as ‘yes’, ‘no’, and ‘don’t know’ Those camps/settlements without water to meet household needs were classified as ‘more vulnerable’. Numerical score = 1 if ‘without water to meet needs’ | IOM Survey |
Recent outbreaks of diarrhea: ‘Have there been outbreaks of diarrhea, recently?’ Responses were codified as ‘yes’, ‘no’, and ‘don’t know’ Those camps/settlements with recent outbreaks of diarrhea were classified as ‘more vulnerable’. Numerical score = 1 if recent outbreak | IOM Survey | |
Where women defecate at night: Responses codified as ‘private facilities’, ‘communal’, and’ open defecation’ In this study, ‘open defecation’ was defined as the most ‘vulnerable’ (score = 2), with ‘communal’ defined as ‘less vulnerable’ (score = 1), and ‘private facilities’ as ‘least vulnerable (score = 0) | IOM Survey | |
Resource Availability | Access to food supplementation for pregnant and lactating women: ‘Does your community face problems/challenges accessing nutritional supplements for pregnant and lactating women?’ Responses were codified as ‘supplement service available, but there are problems accessing it’, ‘no problem accessing supplements’, ‘no supplement service available’, ‘don’t know’ Communities with ‘problems accessing’ supplementation and ‘no supplement service available’ were defined by this study as equally ‘more vulnerable’. Numerical score = 1 if ‘no services available’ or ‘problems accessing’. | IOM Survey |
Distance to the nearest distribution center: Distribution centers’ locations were identified and Euclidean distance between the nearest facility and the settlement site were determined in ArcGIS ‘Vulnerability’ was considered to increase with distance to facility. Score = distance/max distance | REACH and UNFPA | |
Security | Access to gender-based violence services: ‘Is there access to gender-based violence services?’ Responses were ‘yes’, ‘no’, and ‘don’t know’ Communities with no access to gender-based violence services were considered ‘more vulnerable’. Numerical score = 1 if ‘no access’ | IOM Survey |
Access to incident reporting mechanism: ‘Is there an incident reporting mechanism?’ Responses were ‘yes’, ‘no’, and ‘don’t know’ Communities with no incident reporting mechanism were considered ‘more vulnerable’. Numerical score = 1 if ‘no mechanism’ | IOM Survey | |
Access to police and courts: ‘Do people in your community have access to police and courts?’Responses were ‘yes’, ‘no’, and ‘don’t know’ No access to police and courts was considered ‘more vulnerable’. Numerical score = 1 if ‘no access’ | IOM Survey | |
Distance to the nearest ‘women-friendly space’, which is defined as a space in which women and girls feel physically and emotionally safe [34]. ‘Women-friendly space’ locations were identified from the data source, and Euclidean distance between the nearest facility and the settlement site were determined in ArcGIS ‘Vulnerability’ was considered to increase with distance to facility. Score = distance/max distance | REACH | |
Distance to the nearest ‘child-friendly space’, which is defined as a place to support and protect children with the objective to restore a sense of normalcy [35]. ‘Child-friendly space’ locations were identified from the data source, and Euclidean distance between the nearest facility and the settlement site were determined in ArcGIS ‘Vulnerability’ was considered to increase with distance to facility. Score = distance/max distance | REACH |