Table 2 Main characteristics of the five clusters, GeoClasH, Mainland France
From: Beyond the map: evidencing the spatial dimension of health inequalities
Characteristics, mean (SD) | Wealthy Metropolitan Areas (WMA) | Precarious Population Districts (PPD) | Residential Outskirts (RO) | Agricultural and Industrial Plains (AIP) | Rural Margins (RM) | France |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Population density (pop/km2) | 813 (2793) | 701 (1496) | 77 (74) | 43 (36) | 19 (21) | 178 (973) |
Exposure to NO2 (µg/m3) | 17.0 (6.0) | 14.2 (5.4) | 10.9 (2.8) | 9.5 (2.3) | 6.5 (2.2) | 10.3 (4.4) |
Exposure to PM (µg/m3) | 19.4 (1.9) | 18.6 (1.7) | 18.2 (1.2) | 18.0 (1.2) | 17.1 (0.9) | 18.0 (1.4) |
Share of the area occupied by crops using pesticides (%) | 34.0 (28.4) | 23.3 (22.9) | 45.7 (29.5) | 52.0 (26.0) | 10.0 (15.5) | 35.6 (30.0) |
Unemployment rate (%) | 6.2 (1.7) | 11.2 (2.9) | 6.3 (1.9) | 8.8 (2.6) | 8.5 (3.3) | 8.0 (3.0) |
Annual income per household (€) | 26,050 (3372) | 19,162 (1750) | 21,733 (1794) | 19,270 (1376) | 18,543 (1722) | 20,335 (2808) |
Labourers-employees (%) | 38.4 (8.6) | 59.1 (7.5) | 50.0 (9.0) | 63.2 (8.5) | 52.5 (10.8) | 54.4 (11.7) |
Unattached individuals (%) | 11.7 (4.3) | 18.2 (5.1) | 11.1 (3.0) | 13.7 (3.5) | 18.5 (4.7) | 14.4 (5.3) |
People without higher education diploma (%) | 63.0 (8.1) | 79.9 (5.8) | 74.7 (5.3) | 83.4 (4.3) | 80.2 (6.2) | 78.1 (7.9) |
Journey time to hospital (min) | 18.5 (8.5) | 16.5 (10.4) | 21.6 (8.3) | 22.4 (8.2) | 33.5 (14.2) | 23.9 (11.7) |
APL score to general practitioners | 57.7 (22.9) | 84.4 (33.4) | 45.7 (26.2) | 41.7 (24.7) | 31.5 (31.9) | 46.1 (31.6) |
Number of municipalities | 2920 | 3742 | 10159 | 10330 | 8647 | 35798 |
Overall population | 14,435,670 | 32,023,919 | 8,717,397 | 5,902,766 | 2,948,094 | 64,027,846 |