Associations between the built environment and obesity: an umbrella review

Table 2 Summary of quantitative results in selected reviews

Study^#	First author	No. of primary studies	% longitudinal	No. of continents covered	No. of countries covered	Overall quality	Domain					% of findings in expected direction
Study^#	First author	No. of primary studies	% longitudinal	No. of continents covered	No. of countries covered	Overall quality	Urbanicity	Food	PA	Socio-econ	Pollution	% of findings in expected direction
1	An	16	50	3	4	2	0	0	0	0	1	11
2	Cobb	71	15	1	2	2	0	1	0	0	0	19
3	Durand	44	11	3	6	3	1	1	1	0	0	33
4	Feng	63	6	3	7	2	0	1	1	0	0	50
5	Ferdinand	169	N/A	N/A	N/A	2	0	1	1	0	0	89
6	Fleischghacker	40	3	3	5	2	0	1	0	0	0	60
7	Fraser	33	3	3	5	2	0	1	0	0	0	46
8	Gamba	51	14	1	1	3	0	1	0	0	0	32
9	Giskes	28	0	4	6	2	0	0	0	1	0	46
10	Lachowycz	60	0	3	9	2	0	0	1	0	0	21
11	Papas	20	10	3	3	2	0	1	1	0	0	85
12	Schule and Bolte	33	3	3	7	3	0	0	0	1	0	36
13	Sugiyama	41	17	4	9	2	0	0	1	0	0	39
14	Tseng	17	0	3	3	1	0	1	1	0	0	44
15	Wilkins	113	20	3	5	1	0	1	1	0	0	11

^#No. of studies: number of primary studies included, % longitudinal: percentage of primary studies that were longitudinal, no. of continents: number of continents present in the review, no. of countries: number of countries present in the review, overall quality: ROBIS results of the review as assessed in our umbrella review, domains depicted the different domains that were covered in the review and % expected associations is the percentage of associations in the review that was in the expected/ theorized direction. Domain names: PA physical activity, socioecon social inequality

ISSN: 1476-072X